熏烤肉制品卫生安全性及其绿色产品开发的技术关键

熏烤肉制品是深受消费者喜爱的风味地方特产,但苯并芘等的污染残留是影响产品达到绿色标准的主要制约因素.研究表明,以严格控制原辅料质量及加工卫生管理为前提,通过对传统工艺的优化和改进,完全可能有效控制这一有害成分的残留.本文对熏烤肉制品卫生安全性及其绿色产品开发的技术关键进行了探讨.     

一类不确定性Lurie控制系统的鲁棒绝对稳定的新判据

针对一类具有范数有界不确定性系统,利用Lyapunov函数方法,结合矩阵不等式技巧,给出了系统基于线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的鲁棒绝对稳定性判别条件,并通过算例给予了验证．     

One-step and high-density protein immobilization on epoxysilane-modified silica nanoparticles

Silica nanoparticles are most commonly modified with amino-silanes, followed by post-modification activation for protein immobilization. In this work, epoxy-functionalized silica nanoparticles were prepared by modification with glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane （GPTMS） for direct protein immobilization. Silica nanoparticles possessed an average size of 46 nm, but increased to 63 nm after GPTMS modification. Reaction time, reaction temperature and GPTMS content had no significant effect on par- ticle size. Zeta potential of SiO2 changed from -26mV to ＋38mV after modification. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed alkyl C--H bending and stretching bands at 2944 cm-1, 1343 cm-1 and 1465 cm-1, respectively, for the modified nanoparticles. Fluorescein cadaverine was found to bind to GPTMS-modified SiO2, but not to bare SiO2, indicating the chemical reactivity of epoxy groups on the modified nanoparticle with amines. Finally, fluorescenUy labeled bovine serum albumin （BSA） was used as a model protein to investigate the capacity of epoxy-SiO2 nanoparticles for protein immobilization. The results showed that more proteins were immobilized on the particle with longer reaction time, higher NaCI concentration, lower pH, and less GPTMS content. More importantly, proteins bound to epoxy-SiO2 nanoparticle were highly stable. Under optimized reaction conditions, as much as 25 mg BSA/g nanoparticle was covalentiy attached to the nanoparticle. The epoxy silane modification of silica nanoparticles offers a reactive surface for one-step and high-density protein immobilization.     

Fossil Orangutan-like hominoid teeth from Late Pleistocene human site of Mulanshan cave in Chongzuo of Guangxi and implications on taxonomy and evolution of orangutan

Fossil records indicate orangutan-like hominoids have been widely distributed in south China during Pleistocene, although currently only surviving in the tropical forests of Kalimantan and Sumatra in Indonesia. This paper describes the recently discovered hominoid fossil teeth from human site of Mulanshan cave in Chongzuo of Guangxi, whose geological age is the Late Pleistocene, about 11000 yeas age based on associated mammal fauna and U-series dating. Compared with those of modern and subfossil orangutans from Indonesia, other fossil great apes from China, the hominoid teeth from Mulanshan cave are orangutan-like, but show somehow different from Indonesia＇s orangutans, the average sizes of cheek teeth larger and occlusal enamel wrinkles less and simpler. They are classified temporarily as the subspecies of Pongo pygmaeus weidenreichi. Concerning the variations of morphological features and dental sizes of orangutan-like teeth from southern China and neighboring northern Vietnam, different subspecies or species or genus possibly, but the key evidence is necessary to be identified.     

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) technology: promises and challenges

In 2006, an article published in Cell by Shinya Yamanaka took by surprise the stem cell research community. By performing systematic retroviral transduction of factors enriched in embryonic stem (ES) cells, the authors demonstrated the reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into an ES cell-like state. These cells, baptized iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells, were immediately recognized as a ground-breaking discovery. Subsequently, the same authors and other groups reported a similar achievement with human fibroblasts. Two years later, the number of top quality papers on iPS is astonishing, and interest in the scientific community has risen to a fever pitch. But although iPS has the potential to revolutionize Regenerative Medicine, important questions still remain unanswered. Work from multiple laboratories worldwide including ours is focused on deciphering the molecular mechanisms of iPS, and trying to improve the technique to make it suitable for the clinic. In this review article we briefly discuss the past, present and future of iPS, with emphasis on urgent issues to be solved. Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30725012, 30630039 and 90813033), Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCX2-YW-R-48), National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB701504, 2006CB943600, 2007CB948002, 2007CB947804. 2007CB947900) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Development Funds (Grant No. 2008A1-E4011)     

Water erosion mechanism of mild carbon steels induced by micro-particles

To clarify the water erosion mechanism of the mild carbon steels, the water erosion experiments were performed by using deionized water as steam source. The results showed that under the damage threshold velocity of liquid impact, the material surface would not be destroyed. However, when the micro-particles were added into the steam, the pits appeared on the surface soon. By comparison, it is found that the pits are quite different from those induced by micro-particles impact without steam, but similar to those induced by cavitation erosion. The results indicated that the water erosion mechanism was similar to that of cavitation erosion under the damage threshold velocity. The micro-particles carry the micro-bubbles to approach the surface of the material, and the micro-bubbles collapse and generate micro-jet to impinge vertically on the surface, which lead to the produce of pits.     

区域城市化发展对区域内河流生态系统的影响——晋中盆地城市化发展对河流的破坏及其修复方法

以山西省晋中盆地为研究对象,对晋中盆地近18年的城市化发展及其对区域内河流的影响进行了研究,并用相关分析法对盆地内城市化率变化与河水中各种主要污染物之间的关系进行了分析.结果表明,虽然地表水中13种主要污染物质的质量浓度(ρ)在个别年份略有下降,但总体上呈现为持续增加的趋势.针对当地河流存在的问题,提出了生态修复的方法.     

从汶川地震灾害看现行国内外桥梁抗震设计方法

地震区的工程结构要进行抗震设计,所以地震发生后结构的破坏情况与抗震标准有密切关系.结合汶川地震桥梁的破坏情况,对我国、日本、美国、欧洲、新西兰等国抗震规范要求进行了分析.结果表明,汶川地震桥梁破坏的主要原因是实际烈度远大于设防烈度,但也与设计不符合规范要求及当时的桥梁抗震规范标准不高和一些因素考虑不周有关.新颁布的桥梁抗震设计细则设计方法与国外的桥梁抗震设计方法已经比较接近,但仍需要进一步改进.     

航空航天返回过程的轻质能量吸收器

采用精确控制的多种高孔隙率泡沫铝作为轻质能量吸收器,解决航空航天器返回地面及空降、空投着陆瞬间人员和装备的冲击过载问题.研究了轻质能量吸收器在航空航天返回和空降、空投应用中的阻尼减振和能量吸收性能.建立了带轻质能量吸收器的着陆系统与地面撞击的有限元模型,采用非线性动态仿真软件MSC.Dytran进行了仿真计算.在试验台上进行了试件的冲击试验,并将理论计算与试验结果进行了对比分析,两者基本吻合.结果表明:利用高孔隙率泡沫铝作为轻质能量吸收器可以一次降低返回载荷着陆动载超过30g,并可获得较长的塑性变形延时时间以平稳吸收返回载荷冲击能量,从而有效保护人员和设备的安全.     

基于节点区分和跨层设计的无线Mesh网路由协议

以优化的链路状态路由(optimized link state routing,OLSR)协议为原型,为无线Mesh网设计了一种基于节点区分和跨层设计的优化链路状态路由协议NDCL-OLSR(node-differentiation and cross-layer based optimized link state routing).该协议采用了一种新的路由判据NDCLM(node-differentiation and cross-layer metric),在路由计算过程中通过跨层操作机制综合考虑了节点当前负载和链路投递率2个因素对链路质量的影响,并且对节点的类型进行了区分,使得网络流量尽量绕开业务繁忙的超网关节点(SGW),从而大大优化了路由选择的效果.仿真结果表明,NDCL-OLSR能够从很大程度上提高网络的吞吐量,降低端到端的延时,并且能够达到负载均衡的路由效果.