左脑是计算的,右脑是几何的吗?——关于R·斯佩里“裂脑”研究引发的两个观点的质疑

数学认知不仅涉及认知神经科学研究,而且也关乎知识论的辨护。自R.斯佩里开展裂脑研究以来,关于人类大脑左半球是计算的(或数学的),右半球是几何的(或非数学的)的观点,似乎成为一种定论。然而,随着认知神经科学的充分发展和脑成像技术的广泛运用,人们愈来愈清楚地看到,这种划分和判断过于简单化了,同时缺乏可靠的实证材料的支撑,同时在一些概念上混淆不清。为此,依据最新的实验报告加以诠释,并从知识论的高度进行辨析,显然是十分必要的。     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

解决Ad Hoc网络广播冗余竞争冲突的高效广播算法

针对盲目广播带来的广播风暴问题,提出了一种适用于Ad Hoc网络的跨层模糊逻辑广播算法(cross-layer fuzzy logic broadcasting algorithm,CLFBA).该算法应用跨层设计的方法,在保持原有介质访问控制层(medium access control,MAC)和路由层严格分离的基础上,允许路由层共享MAC的接收信号强度信息.采用模糊控制获得节点重播分组的概率,赋予增加通信面积大的节点和剩余能量高的节点较高的转发概率.CLFBA减少了广播过程中产生的冗余、竞争和冲突,均衡了网络中节点的能量消耗.仿真结果表明,与路由层应用泛洪和概率泛洪算法、MAC层应用IEEE802.11协议相比,CLFBA提高了转播节省率,延长了网络生命周期,降低了平均节点丢包率和平均端对端延迟.     

钛酸钡/互穿聚合物网络复合材料的研究

为进一步提高IPN材料的阻尼性能,将PU/VER IPN与钛酸钡(BT)压电陶瓷复合制备BT/IPN复合阻尼材料,并进行极化处理.研究了压电复合阻尼材料的阻尼性能、压电常数、相对介电常数和微观结构.结果表明:经1 000℃煅烧后的四方相BT粒子在IPN基质中分散较为均匀,孔洞和缺陷较少.极化使得BT/IPN复合材料的阻...     

CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate breast-tumour metastasis

Macrophages, which are abundant in the tumour microenvironment, enhance malignancy. At metastatic sites, a distinct population of metastasis-associated macrophages promotes the extravasation, seeding and persistent growth of tumour cells. Here we define the origin of these macrophages by showing that Gr1-positive inflammatory monocytes are preferentially recruited to pulmonary metastases but not to primary mammary tumours in mice. This process also occurs for human inflammatory monocytes in pulmonary metastases of human breast cancer cells. The recruitment of these inflammatory monocytes, which express CCR2 (the receptor for chemokine CCL2), as well as the subsequent recruitment of metastasis-associated macrophages and their interaction with metastasizing tumour cells, is dependent on CCL2 synthesized by both the tumour and the stroma. Inhibition of CCL2-CCR2 signalling blocks the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, inhibits metastasis in vivo and prolongs the survival of tumour-bearing mice. Depletion of tumour-cell-derived CCL2 also inhibits metastatic seeding. Inflammatory monocytes promote the extravasation of tumour cells in a process that requires monocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor. CCL2 expression and macrophage infiltration are correlated with poor prognosis and metastatic disease in human breast cancer. Our data provide the mechanistic link between these two clinical associations and indicate new therapeutic targets for treating metastatic breast cancer.     

取代芳烃与6种生物毒性的定量构效关系

根据成键原子的结构特征,提出了计算取代芳烃原子点价δi的新方法,并由δi建构了取代芳烃的分子连接性指数mXn,用mXn与取代芳烃对斜生栅列藻急性毒性,诱发浮萍萎黄病毒性、绿藻毒性、大型蚤毒性、斑马鱼毒性和金鱼毒性等6项生物活性相关联,获得令人满意的线性回归方程,相应的相关系数r依次为0.975 8、0.984 6、0....     

关于代数体函数的一个界囿定理

使用v-值代数体函数的对数导数引理,通过估计代数体函数的第二基本定理中的余项,得到代数体函数不涉及导数的一个界囿定理.     

压电石英晶体扭转效应的ANSYS分析

在通过各向异性弹性理论和麦克斯韦理论研究Y 0°切型石英晶片的扭转效应,得出其扭转应力场和非线性极化电场分布的基础上,利用AN SY S的耦合场分析验证了压电扭转效应的存在.通过建模、划分网格、求解和后处理几个典型的步骤得到Y 0°切型石英晶片的应力值和极化电压,显示其与所加载的扭矩值成明显的线性关系.而采用分割电极的方法进行实验,其数据也证明了理论分析及有限元分析的正确性.     

晶格失配对超晶格法向导热系数影响的分子动力学模拟

采用非平衡态分子动力学方法模拟了超晶格的法向导热系数随周期长度的变化关系.模拟结果表明,在晶格匹配的超晶格中,当周期长度同声子平均自由程相当时,超晶格导热系数将出现最小值.而对于具有4%晶格失配的超晶格模拟结果却表明,超晶格导热系数随周期长度的增大而单调上升.这一研究结果表明,材料的晶格失配是大多数实验研究中没有发现超晶格最小导热系数的主要原因.     

高温作用对高强混凝土渗透性能的影响

研究了高温作用对高强混凝土(HSC)及含PP纤维的高强混凝土渗透性能的影响,探讨了表征渗透性的湿迁移渗透系数、相对氯离子渗透系数及空气渗透系数之间的关系以及渗透性与爆裂的关系.研究表明,HSC遭受500℃的高温后,湿迁移渗透系数、相对氯离子渗透系数及空气渗透系数都大幅度增加,PP纤维可以有效地缓解高温后高强混凝土渗透性的劣化,3种渗透系数之间具有较好的相关性,HSC高温后的渗透性能与爆裂性能有一定的对应关系,HSC具有一个临界爆裂渗透系数.