Enhanced mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets by continuous bending process after V-bending

The effects of V-bending process, continuous bending process and combination process on the microstructure and mechanical properties and formability of an AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet were investigated. The experimental results showed that no twins were found in the microstructure of all samples after processes due to the fine grain. The V-bending and continuous bending processes were proved to be an effective approach to modify the mechanical properties and formability. While the samples after the combination process exhibited better mechanical properties and formability than the single processed sample. The yield strength significantly decreased with the value of 100 MPa and the fracture elongation enhanced to 18.3% at room temperature. The Erichsen value was 5.0 mm which was significantly increased by 117% compared with as-received sample. The superior formability of combination processed samples was mainly attributed to the smaller r-value and n-value.     

太阳影子拍摄时间和地点的定位方法

根据直杆在太阳下影子的长度确定拍摄地点和日期。首先,确定影响影长变化的5个因素,建立影长变化关系式,并分析单一参数变化对影长的影响规律。其次,在影长已知的情况下,采用非线性回归模型和最小二乘法,相对精准地确定直杆所处地点和拍摄日期。并针对一影长渐变的视频进行模型应用。最后,运用Matlab对影长变化规律、非线性回归模型、灰度读帧处理分别编写算法并描述。     

基尼系数法在乡镇企业发展空间非均衡测度中的应用

针对我国乡镇企业发展空间非均衡问题,选取2003-2012年乡镇企业总产值和乡镇企业营业收入2个指标数据,采用基尼系数法,分析了我国乡镇企业发展空间非均衡的特征、程度及其来源。结果表明:我国乡镇企业空间非均衡程度最大的是西部,其次是东部和中部地区最小。全国整体以及东、西部地区内部乡镇企业发展的空间非均衡程度均呈现进一步加深趋势,中部地区乡镇企业发展的空间均衡程度得到小幅缓解。区域间差距与剩余项差距反向变动是引致我国乡镇企业发展空间非均衡程度发生变动的重要因素。     

A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r2 of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r2 of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations.     

Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations

With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms from the International HapMap Project Phase 2 (HapMap2). We used 'long-range haplotype' methods, which were developed to identify alleles segregating in a population that have undergone recent selection, and we also developed new methods that are based on cross-population comparisons to discover alleles that have swept to near-fixation within a population. The analysis reveals more than 300 strong candidate regions. Focusing on the strongest 22 regions, we develop a heuristic for scrutinizing these regions to identify candidate targets of selection. In a complementary analysis, we identify 26 non-synonymous, coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms showing regional evidence of positive selection. Examination of these candidates highlights three cases in which two genes in a common biological process have apparently undergone positive selection in the same population:LARGE and DMD, both related to infection by the Lassa virus, in West Africa;SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, both involved in skin pigmentation, in Europe; and EDAR and EDA2R, both involved in development of hair follicles, in Asia.     

微束X射线荧光分析谱仪及其对松针中元素的分布分析

介绍了一种小型的微束X射线荧光分析谱仪,它是由导管X光透镜和能量色散X射线荧光分析谱仪组成.谱仪具有较高的空间分辨率和能量分辨率.使用本谱仪对松树针叶进行了微区分析,得出各种元素沿松针长度方向和横切面径向的分布规律.结果表明使用X光透镜的微束X射线荧光分析方法可以实现植物样品的微区分析,有助于进一步了解植物的生长与元素迁移的关系.     

面向对象的信息系统规划方法

提出了面向对象的信息系统规划方法. 将规划过程分为识别组织目标、识别组织行为、确定对象与子系统和建设子系统优先级排序等几个主要阶段. 定义了行为和对象的关联度矩阵,基于聚类方法确定信息系统子系统的建设需求. 并给出了子系统优先级排序的指标体系,采用层次分析法完成子系统优先级排序.     

二维可控细胞自动机伪随机序列发生方法研究

提出了一种新的细胞自动机———二维可控细胞自动机。根据二维可控细胞自动机的性质,提出了一 种具有梯型结构的二维可控细胞自动机的伪随机序列发生方法。计算机模拟表明,具有梯型结构的二维可控细 胞自动机伪随机序列发生器实现简单,产生的序列具有速度高、统计特性好等优点。新的细胞自动机在对称密 码学中有广泛地应用。     

论食品安全学的理论基础与技术体系

食品安全学（foodsafetiology）是研究食物对人体健康危害的风险和保障食物无危害风险的学问,是食 品科学的一个分支,也是近３０年来发展起来的一门新兴学科。讨论、交流和理解食品安全学的理论基础与技术 体系将有助于促进食品安全学的科学研究、学科建设和人才培养,有助于加强国家食品安全管理和监管能力建 设。在研究大量有关国际组织文件、学术报告、会议文集,以及作者亲自考察、学术研究、自身理解的基础上, 提出了食品安全学的概念,归纳了食品安全学的理论基础和技术体系,探讨了食品安全学的学科构架。