白洋淀湿地芦苇全氮含量的季节动态变化

为了解湿地植物氮素在各器官中的分布特征,探讨湿地植物组织器官氮含量变化对湿地生态系统氮循环的影响,以白洋淀湿地典型植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)为研究对象,分析了芦苇各部位器官中全氮含量的变化特征.研究结果表明,芦苇地上器官叶片、地上茎和叶鞘的全氮含量随季节变化呈指数下降,在4月份最高,分别为(43.07±2.66),(27.40±4.04),(20.04±3.10)g/kg;而根状茎则呈先减后增再减的动态变化趋势,最大值出现在8月,为(13.34±5.07)g/kg.芦苇地下器官氮积累量大于地上器官.各月份芦苇叶片氮积累量高于叶鞘全氮含量,根状茎氮积累量高于地上茎.     

螺旋槽水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦学性能实验

通过螺旋槽和直槽结构的水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦学性能对比实验,研究螺旋槽结构对水润滑轴承的润滑特性及泥沙和杂质排泄能力的影响,结果表明螺旋槽结构的水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦学性能优于直槽,更容易形成弹性流体动压润滑,降低摩擦磨损,具有良好的泥沙和杂质排泄能力,对延长使用寿命和保护设备正常运行具有很好的作用。     

面向应急物资调度的一种模糊规划模型

灾害救援问题具有信息缺失、数据难以收集与整理的特点.为了科学、合理地进行救援物资的调度,考虑在满足处置应急需求时,从总体上最大限度地降低处置应急物资运输调度的费用和时间.在现有研究成果的基础上,引入了模糊评价方法,建立多出救点、多受灾地的多目标模糊规划模型.模型采用加权语言标签空间描述救援地到受灾地可能发生的费用与时间,考虑决策者对风险的偏好建立无差异函数,将其转化成决策者的效用作为目标值,给出相关算法,确定为每一个应急需求点提供应急物资的供应点以及相应的供应量.最后,给出算例证明其可行性.     

主动轮廓模型及其在医学体分割中的应用

利用医学序列切片在灰度值和空间位置上的相关性,对传统主动轮廓模型进行改进,将其应用于医学体数据分割中.以物体轮廓采样到其相邻两采样点中点的距离为内部能量函数,同时通过制约轮廓的长度,使其尽可能短来达到;利用图像区域的局部梯度信息,同时利用序列图像之间局部区域的全局信息及其相关性重新构造外部能量函数;并根据内外部能量的比值,动态的调节权值参数.实验结果表明,改进算法既可以有效地检测出一些拐角点和凹点,又可以避免目标边缘收敛于某些噪声点或伪边缘点,可达到良好的体分割效果.     

镓与对乙酰基偶氮羧-m的显色反应及其应用研究

研究了对乙酰基偶氮羧-m与Ga(Ⅲ)的显色反应,建立了分光光度法测定镓的新方法.在pH=2.0的酸性介质中,镓与对乙酰基偶氮羧-m形成1:2的有色络合物,最大吸收波长位于681 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε681＝1.14×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限为0.73 μg/L,线性范围为1.0～11.0 μg/25 mL.方法应用于煤和煤矸石中微量镓的测定,获得了满意的结果.     

羌人与五凉政权

晋末,五凉政权凭借河西天然的地域经济割据称雄,地域内的人力资源和土地资源是其进行经济调控和行政运作的基本依据。由于此期羌人的数量占优势,故此间的人力资源是以羌人为主的民众。而羌人在河西久居,多年的经营垦殖,河西的土地资源亦异常丰富。河西的其他民族也日趋羌化,在以羌人为主体的各民族百姓的支持下,五凉得以割据存在并发展。     

三个不同地理种群大仓鼠的遗传多样性

利用从大仓鼠基因组部分文库中筛选的3对高变异特异性微卫星引物-PAY7802、PAY7807和P5022801对北京顺义,河北固安,河北饶阳3个不同地理种群大仓鼠的遗传多态性进行检测和分析.结果表明PAY7802和PAY7807在固安和顺义两地分扩增出6个与5个等位基因,但是这两对引物在饶阳没有扩增出等位基因.相反,P5022801则只在饶阳种群中扩增出6个等位基因.在检测等位基因的扩增片断时发现,固安和顺义大仓鼠种群等位基因片断之间差异较小,而饶阳种群的等位基因数和片断大小均与固安和顺义两地的大仓鼠种群存在明显差异.因此PAY7802、PAY7807和P5022801可以用作不同地理种群大仓鼠遗传多态性的遗传标记,为在分子水平上研究大仓鼠种群扩散机理及地理分布提供参考.     

Excited-state dynamics in light-harvesting complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Photodynamics of peripheral antenna complexes, light-harvesting complex （LH2） of Rhodobacter （Rb） Sphaeroides 601, was studied using femtosecond pump-probe technique at different laser wavelengths. The obtained results reveal dramatic dynamical evolutions within B800 and B850 absorption bands of antenna complexes LH2. At excitation wavelength around 835 nm, a sharp photobleaching signal was observed which was assigned to the contribution of the two-exciton state, which was further confirmed by the power dependence measurement. Rate equations with eight-level scheme were used to calculate the population evolution in LH2 and the transient dynamics under femtosecond pulse excitation. The research results prove that not only the transition from ground state to one-exciton state but also that from one-exciton state to two-exciton state contribute to the photodynamics of B850.     

Complicated phenomena of the Beichuan-Yingxiu surface fracture zone during Wenchuan <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>s8.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province,China

After Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, the surface fractures have been investigated in Beichuan City and Yingxiu Town. It was found that the Beichuan-Yingxiu earthquake fracture zone trends northeastward, dipping to northwest. The earthquake fracture zone is mainly characterized by thrust faulting with small amounts of strike-slip movement, and demonstrating various complexities for different areas. The phenomena related to dextral strike-slip displacement are found in Beichuan City and those related to left-lateral strike-slip movement in Yingxiu Town. The compressive shortening of the two surface fracture zones in Beichuan City is 2.8-3.9 m and the left-lateral strike-slip displacement of the surface fractures in Yingxiu Town is 0.52 m.     

Optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of ion exchanged silver nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass

Ag nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass were fabricated by ion-exchange and subse-quently annealing method. Z-scan technique, femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect （OKE） technique and femtosecond pump-probe experiment were used to investigate the effects of laser wavelength and laser pulse duration as well as annealing temperature on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. It was found that the third-order susceptibility of Ag nanoparticles composite glass measured by 400 nm pulse source is larger than that measured by 800 nm pulse source due to an enhancement effect of local field near surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles in silicate glass. The third-order optical nonlinearity measured by ns laser source is about two orders of magnitude larger than that measured from fs pulse. The annealing temperature has an important effect on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. Third-order nonlinear susceptibility up to 10^-l0 esu and fast relaxation process up to 0.2 ps have been obtained in Ag nanoparticles doped glass.