Tumour micro-environment elicits innate resistance to RAF inhibitors through HGF secretion

Drug resistance presents a challenge to the treatment of cancer patients. Many studies have focused on cell-autonomous mechanisms of drug resistance. By contrast, we proposed that the tumour micro-environment confers innate resistance to therapy. Here we developed a co-culture system to systematically assay the ability of 23 stromal cell types to influence the innate resistance of 45 cancer cell lines to 35 anticancer drugs. We found that stroma-mediated resistance is common, particularly to targeted agents. We characterized further the stroma-mediated resistance of BRAF-mutant melanoma to RAF inhibitors because most patients with this type of cancer show some degree of innate resistance. Proteomic analysis showed that stromal cell secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) resulted in activation of the HGF receptor MET, reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)-AKT signalling pathways, and immediate resistance to RAF inhibition. Immunohistochemistry experiments confirmed stromal cell expression of HGF in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma and showed a significant correlation between HGF expression by stromal cells and innate resistance to RAF inhibitor treatment. Dual inhibition of RAF and either HGF or MET resulted in reversal of drug resistance, suggesting RAF plus HGF or MET inhibitory combination therapy as a potential therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant melanoma. A similar resistance mechanism was uncovered in a subset of BRAF-mutant colorectal and glioblastoma cell lines. More generally, this study indicates that the systematic dissection of interactions between tumours and their micro-environment can uncover important mechanisms underlying drug resistance.     

RP-HPLC法测定人血浆中的替勃龙

采用反相高效液相色谱法检测人体血浆中替勃龙的含量.以5倍样品体积的乙腈萃取2次,经氮气吹干,甲醇溶解后,上机分析.采用Promosil-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-乙腈-水,流速:1.0mL/min,进样量:10μL,检测波长:204nm,柱温:25℃.在优化的色谱条件下,替勃龙在0.5～250.0μg/mL内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),最低检测限为0.05μg/mL,平均回收率(n=3)为92.7%,RSDs小于1.6%.本方法简单,灵敏,准确,适合于体内替勃龙含量的检测与分析.     

试论空三加密在地形图绘制中的应用

笔者就章丘市1：2000地形图绘制项目,按区域网法影响空三加密精度的因素主要为：影像质量、像控点选取及精度、加密点的选取及加密解算方法、加密人员的经验等,找出了影响空三加密精度的主要因素及解决办法．结合生产实践解决了1：2000地形图绘制空三加密精度问题,很好的完成地形图绘制工作,希望借此可以找到此类问题的解决办法．     

Propagation of planetary-scale zonal mean wind anomalies and polar oscillations

Global atmospheric variables can be physically decomposed into four components:(1) the zonal time averaged climate symmetric component,(2) the time averaged climate asymmetric,(3) the zonal-mean transient symmetric anomaly,and (4) the transient asymmetric anomaly.This study analyzes the relationships between the intra-seasonal and inter-annual variability of planetary scale decomposed zonal and meridional winds in the tropopause,and oscillations such as those from the El Ni o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO),the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO).The tropical inter-annual zonal mean wind anomalies in the tropopause are linked with the ENSO cycle and can propagate into the subtropics,mid-latitudes,and polar front regions via abnormal meridional vertical cells.Similarly,tropical intra-seasonal (40-60-d) zonal wind anomalies can reach the subtropics and mid-latitudes.The polar intra-seasonal zonal wind anomalies in the tropopause can propagate toward high-latitude areas.Thus,the AO and the AAO are the result of the interaction and propagation of these planetary scale zonal wind anomalies.     

福建省区域物流与区域经济的实证研究

福建作为中国东部沿海地区经济最具活力的地区之一,通过大力发展现代区域物流业,促进了区域经济的增长,同时,经济的增长也带动了区域物流的发展.本文将采用误差修正模型及格兰杰因果检验,通过对1978～2010年福建省的经济指标时间序列进行协整分析,探讨福建GDP、物流产值、货物周转量、物流里程的协整关系,从而得出福建区域物流与区域经济增长之间的互动效应.本文发现区域物流的发展水平与区域经济增长存在长期均衡关系.     

跨文化交际在公示语翻译中的应用研究——以河南省为例

随着全球化步伐的加快,跨文化交流日益频繁,双语公示语作为对外宣传材料的一个重要组成部分,其作用将更为突出。河南省拥有十分丰富的文化旅游资源,每年都吸引了不少的中外游客。然而,省内公示语翻译现状并不尽如人意,各种不规范的翻译甚至误译现象层出不穷,严重影响了河南省的国际形象,从跨文化交际的角度看,应对公示语翻译存在的问题加以改善。     

神话学艺术起源研究新探

自古希腊以来的各种艺术起源学说均从经验论出发,将艺术发生视为一种静止的现象,艺术源头的探寻因而存在不可突破的＂瓶颈＂。神话学视角下的艺术探源遵循情境性原则,研究者将图像视为元叙述,它反映并揭示了艺术持有者的思想与理念。艺术源头的追寻由艺术与各种外部因素探讨转向艺术创造者认知体系的建构,其中包括宗教理念、宇宙观与意识形态框架的重构。神话学对艺术主体认知框架的重构使得艺术起源研究出现＂向内转＂趋向,艺术起源研究范式由此发生转变。     

基于FSCD-CNN的深度图像快速帧内预测模式选择算法

针对3D-HEVC的多视点视频加深度图的编码格式和四叉树编码结构所带来的编码复杂度问题,提出了一种深度图像快速帧内预测模式选择算法。首先,从深度视频序列中以最优的深度图最大编码单元（largest coding unit,LCU）划分深度为标签获取训练集;其次,构建了适用于LCU的Cu深度快速选择卷积神经网络（fast selecting Cu’s depth-convolutionalneural network,FSCD-CNN）;最后,对深度图LCU进行划分深度预测,跳过部分编码模式决策,实现最佳LCU划分。实验结果表明,与相关文献对比,所提算法在保持了编码性能的同时平均减少了15%的编码时间,实验验证了其有效性和可靠性。     

水电站尾水平台振动对变压器性能影响分析

目前水电站变压器一般安装在水电大坝附近陆地上,具有走线较长、经济性差、建设成本高的缺点;为达到降低成本的目的,将变压器直接安装在水轮发动机附近的尾水平台上成为趋势。由于尾水平台存在低幅随机振动,当变压器长期处于该工况时对变压器安全运行的影响未知。针对上述问题,通过获取不同工况下安装在尾水平台上变压器的振动数据;并经过基于快速傅里叶变换算法处理的频谱分析,证实水电站尾水平台振动对变压器性能并无影响,可采取此种方案以减少建设成本。     

基于人工生命方法的虚拟鱼行为模型

传统的虚拟生物行为动画是通过关键帧技术实现的,存在一些不足。因此,提出一个基于人工生命方法的虚拟生物行为模型,并以虚拟鱼为例,通过将人工生命方法和虚拟现实技术结合,可以在不需任何关键帧的情况下实现虚拟鱼的多种行为仿真,不仅具有虚拟生物的基本特征,而且其真实感强,可应用于虚拟生物教学和实验中。