优秀速滑运动员成长中若干问题的探讨

本文对我国不同时期的优秀速滑运动员进行了抽样调查,发现以50年代至80年代,优秀国手的训练年限呈上升趋势,其身材趋向高大化,训练总量有所减少而冰上次数明显增多。     

论短跑摆腿技术的特点

近年来，随着田径运动技术水平的提高和发展，短跑的技术也有所变化，更加强调摆腿技术的重要性。摆腿的速度、力量、方向、幅度都直接影响着后蹬的效果。只有加强摆腿技术，才能更好地促进后蹬，只有提高蹬、摆的配合效果，才能更快，更好地提高运动成绩。     

累次成像光学系统模型的建立及应用

分析了物在任意位置且两次以上累次成像这一问题，利用透镜成像的基本公式对之建立了数学模型，并归纳出应用该模型设计光学系统的一般步骤．     

甘肃省2000年干旱气候特征和成因诊断分析

针对甘肃省2000年春季至初夏旱和盛夏前伏旱的持续时间、范围、强度进行了对比分析，干旱持续时间之长、范围之大、为近70年所少见．严重的干旱导致夏、秋粮减产、人畜饮水极度困难．干旱形成的原因是中高纬度大气环流“冬性”较强，副热带高压主体面积偏小、位置偏东且偏北，偏南暖湿气流难以到达甘肃上空．这些结果对防灾减灾措施制定和实施及作为短期气候预测的气候背景都有重要参考意义．     

导数是外可逆时方程G(x)=0的解的分布状况

利用强F-可微及叠代序列研究了不满足隐函数定理的正常条件时,方程G(x)=0的解的分布状况.这里G:X→Y是强F-可微的,X与Y均为Banach空间.     

车身舒适系统CAN总线网络测试与仿真分析

为了研究车载CAN总线网络系统的网络性能指标,选用通用CAN总线软硬件整合组成低成本车载CAN总线网络测试与仿真分析系统.对大众宝来车身舒适系统CAN总线网络进行测试与仿真分析.测试结果表明:大众宝来车身舒适系统CAN总线的节点平均发送CAN数据帧时间间隔为20ms,教据长度为2～5位,网络通讯波特率为62.5 kBd,正常工作时网络负载为30%,系统后备能力强、可靠性高;仿真结果表明:车载CAN总线网络系统设计时节点测控数据定义较少的发送CAN数据帧时间间隔与数据长度、系统采用较高的网络通讯波特率,可以提高车载CAN总线网络系统性能.     

亚铜基离子液体催化氧化净化PH3

以自主筛选的亚铜基离子液体为催化剂及反应介质,对含PH3的混合气进行液相催化氧化净化研究.采用FT-IR对单体[bmim]C1进行构象分析,测定亚铜基离子液体的热分解温度,考察混合气中温度、O2浓度、[bmin]Cl与CuCl摩尔比对磷化氢净化效率的影响,探讨离子液体催化氧化净化PH3的可能机理.研究结果表明:合成的选择性好、稳定性高的亚铜基离子液体催化剂对PH3的净化效率长时间保持在100％.较适宜的反应温度为60℃;随着混合气中O2含量的增加,吸收液对PH3的净化效率有所提高,在氧含量为7.8％时净化效果最好;亚铜基离子液体催化体系对PH3氧化有很好的催化作用,[bmim]Cl与CuCl最佳摩尔比为1∶3.失活的催化剂经鼓氧再生后,效率依然长时间保持在97％,再生恢复性能较好.     

海藻多糖片中多糖含量测定

建立了一种测定海藻多糖片中多糖含量的苯酚-硫酸法.以葡萄糖作为标准品,在490nm波长处测定吸光度,在浓度20.16～100.80μg/mL之间线性关系良好(r=0.998 2),平均回收率为99.55%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.56%.本方法简单、准确,可用于海藻多糖片中多糖含量的检测.     

Zebrafish miR-214 modulates Hedgehog signaling to specify muscle cell fate

Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered in the genomes of higher eukaryotes, and functional studies indicate that they are important during development. However, little is known concerning the function of individual miRNAs. We approached this problem in zebrafish by combining identification of miRNA expression, functional analyses and experimental validation of potential targets. We show that miR-214 is expressed during early segmentation stages in somites and that varying its expression alters the expression of genes regulated by Hedgehog signaling. Inhibition of miR-214 results in a reduction or loss of slow-muscle cell types. We show that su(fu) mRNA, encoding a negative regulator of Hedgehog signaling, is targeted by miR-214. Through regulation of su(fu), miR-214 enables precise specification of muscle cell types by sharpening cellular responses to Hedgehog.     

Loss of ACTN3 gene function alters mouse muscle metabolism and shows evidence of positive selection in humans

More than a billion humans worldwide are predicted to be completely deficient in the fast skeletal muscle fiber protein alpha-actinin-3 owing to homozygosity for a premature stop codon polymorphism, R577X, in the ACTN3 gene. The R577X polymorphism is associated with elite athlete status and human muscle performance, suggesting that alpha-actinin-3 deficiency influences the function of fast muscle fibers. Here we show that loss of alpha-actinin-3 expression in a knockout mouse model results in a shift in muscle metabolism toward the more efficient aerobic pathway and an increase in intrinsic endurance performance. In addition, we demonstrate that the genomic region surrounding the 577X null allele shows low levels of genetic variation and recombination in individuals of European and East Asian descent, consistent with strong, recent positive selection. We propose that the 577X allele has been positively selected in some human populations owing to its effect on skeletal muscle metabolism.