Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

Potential influence of water level changes on energy flows in a lake food web

Large seasonal water-level fluctuations may influence isotopic signatures of primary producers and the types and amounts of these potential food sources accessible to aquatic fauna of Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake in China.In this study,the isotopic signatures of primary producers and consumers were determined,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and mixing models were combined to investigate the influence of water levels on the diet and isotopic composition of Poyang Lake fish and inverteb...     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

Sufficient and necessary conditions of separability for bipartite pure states in infinite-dimensional systems

The PHC criterion and the realignment criterion for pure states in infinite-dimensional bipartite quantum systems are given. Furthermore, several equivalent conditions for pure states to be separable are generalized to infinite-dimensional systems.     

3GPP-LTE系统下行链路S-SCH检测算法的低复杂度实现

小区搜索是3GPP-LTE移动通信系统中的重要过程,研究了此过程中下行链路辅同步信道（S-SCH）的检测问题,指出了接收机在采用最大似然序列检测（MLSD）算法进行S-SCH检测时,具有较高的计算复杂度.给出了一种基于MLSD准则S-SCH检测算法的低复杂度实现方法,利用S-SCH序列的结构特点,缩小候选S-SCH序列...     

水稻花期干旱胁迫应答基因Os07g0422100启动子的克隆及鉴定

水稻作为需水量最大的作物之一,对于水分的胁迫异常敏感.对处于花期的水稻进行干旱胁迫处理,利用基因芯片技术筛选出在水稻花穗中特异性表达的应答干旱胁迫的基因Os07g0422100.在对该基因的研究中发现,该基因的表达图谱有较高的专一性,且该基因的启动子属于诱导型启动子,仅在受到干旱胁迫的水稻花穗中表达.利用Os07g04...     

超精密气浮工件台误差建模

为了研究多种作用因素在高加速、大行程条件下对超精密微动台静态精度的影响,利用刚体运动学,通过综合工件台中的线性位置误差与角位置误差,建立了超精密气浮工件台的静态误差解析模型。利用该模型,结合有限元等方法定量分析了超精密气浮工件台中加速度、制造误差、结构柔性及气浮轴承刚度等普遍存在的误差因素同时作用时对系统最终精度的影响。通过分析,证明在高加速、大行程条件下,气浮轴承的角刚度不足是造成静态误差的主要因素。     

管道噪声有源控制系统的次级声源和误差传感器位置优化

基于直流电机运行噪声的特点,对于管道有源噪声控制系统的次级声源和误差传感器位置选择,提出了两种优化策略并给出了物理系统的优化设计结果,通过实验验证了两种优化策略的可行性。在优化后的管道实验平台中使用不同有源噪声控制算法进行管道噪声控制实验,噪声源分别为160~550 Hz的单频率正弦周期信号和基波100 Hz,1—5次谐波的多频率正弦周期信号时,两种优化策略最大的降噪量分别达36.2 dB和26.4 dB,降噪效果显著,表明有源控制系统可以有效降低电机运行噪声。     

应用回归分析的数据关联算法

针对复杂电磁环境下目标跟踪需要兼顾实时性和精确性的问题,应用测量领域的数据处理方法,提出了回归分析的数据关联算法.首先,利用对滤波曲线的两点回归分析,逐一预测各观测到达时刻的置信区间,筛选出关联点;接着,以系统处理周期为分组标准,对筛选序列进行成组观测数据回归分析;最后,计算出观测融合点,并用该点更新滤波器新息.该算法不仅能将复杂的关联转变成测量点迹动态更新过程,而且优化了同步化处理步骤.仿真实验表明:回归分析算法与联合概率数据关联算法相比,在直线运动场景下,两者的均方根误差及轨迹丢失率相近,且随着目标数目的增多,前者在平均占用CPU时间上的优越性更加突出;在曲线运动场景下,两者跟踪误差相当,前者占用CPU时间仅为后者的1/6.     

刷式密封迟滞特性的数值研究

采用非线性接触模型对刷式密封的迟滞特性及其影响因素进行了研究.采用点-面接触、梁-梁相交接触和梁-梁平行接触模拟了刷式密封中刷丝端部与转子表面接触、刷丝与背板边缘接触以及刷丝之间的接触,建立了刷式密封的非线性接触模型,并通过试验研究的刷式密封迟滞特性的数据验证了所建立模型的有效性.研究分析了刷丝径向刚度一定时,刷丝直径、刷丝长度和刷丝角度对刷式密封迟滞特性的影响规律,结果表明,刷丝端部压力计算值与理论值的比值可以更好地评定刷式密封迟滞特性的强弱.当刷丝直径保持不变时,随着刷丝角度的增加和刷丝长度的减小,刷式密封的迟滞特性越来越弱;当刷丝长度一定时,随着刷丝角度和刷丝直径的增加,刷丝的迟滞特性越来越弱;当刷丝角度一定时,不同刷丝直径和刷丝长度的刷式密封表现出相近的迟滞特性;当刷丝径向刚度一定时,刷式密封的迟滞特性强弱主要由刷丝角度决定.