Glycine binding primes NMDA receptor internalization

NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) are a principal subtype of excitatory ligand-gated ion channel with prominent roles in physiological and disease processes in the central nervous system. Recognition that glycine potentiates NMDAR-mediated currents as well as being a requisite co-agonist of the NMDAR subtype of 'glutamate' receptor profoundly changed our understanding of chemical synaptic communication in the central nervous system. The binding of both glycine and glutamate is necessary to cause opening of the NMDAR conductance pore. Although binding of either agonist alone is insufficient to cause current flow through the channel, we report here that stimulation of the glycine site initiates signalling through the NMDAR complex, priming the receptors for clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Glycine binding alone does not cause the receptor to be endocytosed; this requires both glycine and glutamate site activation of NMDARs. The priming effect of glycine is mimicked by the NMDAR glycine site agonist d-serine, and is blocked by competitive glycine site antagonists. Synaptic as well as extrasynaptic NMDARs are primed for internalization by glycine site stimulation. Our results demonstrate transmembrane signal transduction through activating the glycine site of NMDARs, and elucidate a model for modulating cell-cell communication in the central nervous system.     

Lower Cambrian small shelly faunas from Zhejiang (China)and their biostratigraphical implications

Despite a long history of research on the Early Cambrian in China most available data on small skeletal fossils concern fossil associations of the shallow carbonate platform. Information on skeletal fossils from marginal shelf environments of the Yangtze Platform is scanty, which may reflect the rarity of fossils in deeper sedimentary environments but is also due to limitation of carbonate distribution and outcrops, difficulties in fossil extraction, and a general research focus on the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary beds on the carbonate platform. Here we present a documentation of Meishucunian to Qiongzhusian small skeletal fossils from the lower Hetang Formation and the chert unit at its base from the Jiangshan region, Zhejiang Province, representing a relatively deep shelf environment compared to the inner shelf region. The earliest association (Meishucunian) from the chert unit underlying the Hetang Formation is mainly characterized by the occurrence of Protohertzina anabarica, P. unguliformis, Fengzuella zhejiangensis, and Kaiyangites novilis, which differs somewhat in composition from SSF-associations of typical inner shelf deposits. The enigmatic skeletal fossil Fengzuella zhejiangensis, which exhibits an unusual secretional growth mode previously unrecognized from the Early Cambrian, is described in detail. A younger (Qiongzhusian) fossil association contains numerous arthropod remains, such as disarticulated spines of arthropods (Jiangshanodus- and Kijacus-type), which have previously been considered as conodont-like fossils, and bradoriid valves.     

贵州岩溶山区旱地灌溉方式研究

贵州借助前人、同仁和本课题研究工作 ,对旱地灌溉方式问题进行几种不同的研究 ,向社会公诸一个解决贵州岩溶山区旱地灌溉的一种新思维方式 ,并提供旱地灌溉的一种最佳模式。即 :喷灌 +雨养模式 ,以此推荐一个 2 1世纪岩溶山区旱地农业产业化的基本模式 ,为推动旱地高效节水思路尽快转化为生产力服务。     

Design and implementation of WebGIS based on SOAP

0　IntroductionTheWorldWideWebisconsideredasalargedistributedin formationsystemthatprovidesaccesstoshareddataob jects.AsoneofthemostpopularapplicationscurrentlyrunningontheInternet,theWorldWideWebisofanexponentialgrowthinsize,whichresultsinnetworkcongestionandserveroverloading .Inthefieldsofspatialinformationsystems,therehavethesameproblems.Recently ,attentionhasbeenpaidtoefficientintegra tionoftheWebandGIS(GeographicInformationSystem)appli cation .ThisisbecausetheWebhasmanyadvantages,i…     

Experimental study on centrifugal concrete-filled steel tubes under bending and torsion

A real-size experiment on 11 tubes was done to study the performance of centrifugal concrete-filled steel tubes under bending and torsion. This paper first introduces the relevant operating method, equipment, subjects and processes. The factors that affect deformation and stiffness and the break mechanism under different loading were studied. Experimental stress analysis showed that the values of practical critical stress of steel tubes accorded well with the MISES Yielding Rule. The correlative equation (on the bearing capacity of a structural member under bending and torsion) deduced in this study may provide valuable reference for the desima of this structural member.     

Chwa & Hakimi故障模型的方程诊断算法

对于一般情形下的Chwa ＆ Hakimi模型,在不以“t-可诊断性”和“相信大多数”作前提假设的情况下,找到了求全体相容故障模式的具体方法——方程诊断算法,实践证明,诊断效果理想。     

Experimental investigation of parallel optical data storage using pyrrylfulgide photochromic material

The optical storage characteristics of a new kind of organic photochromic material棗pyrrylfulgide were experimentally investigated in the established parallel optical data storage system. Using the pyrrylfulgide/PMMA film as a photon-mode recording medium, micro-images and encoded binary digital data were recorded, readout and erased in this parallel system. The storage density currently reaches 3?107 bit/cm2. The recorded information on the film can be kept for years in darkness at room temperature.     

Thermodynamic characterization of two novel spin-crossover complexes

Spin-crossover complexes are of great interest to the scientists because of their potential application in molecular-based electronic devices. Some octahedral metal compounds with 3dn (4 ≤ n ≤ 7) configuration can induce a spin state conversion through a fine tuning condition (temperature, pressure, light irradiation, etc.). If the conversion occurs reversibly with a hystersis loop and color change, it will make the system possessing memory effect. The memory effect can be magnified and the …     

拟阵交约束分划

给出了用求量大重量拟阵交算法来求定形拟阵交２－分划问题的最优解的一个充分条件。     

21世纪人口与资源环境可持续发展

20世纪是人类物质文明最发达的时代,但也是地球生态环境和自然资源遭到破坏最为严重的时期.不可持续的经济畸增和消费模式使人类生存和发展面临严峻挑战.传统工业是一柄福音和灾祸的双刃剑,中国并不庞大的工业由于先天不足、粗放外延发展等原因而过早地走入了自然生态惨遭破坏、人口急剧膨胀、环境污染不断加剧的尴尬境地.有可能重蹈发达国家"经济腾飞,公害泛滥"的覆辙.本文试图抛砖引玉,敲响警钟,提出人口、生态、资源、环境、社会、经济、文明可持续发展的新思路及可操作性对策.