全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2617篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 25篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 44篇 |
丛书文集 | 2篇 |
教育与普及 | 11篇 |
理论与方法论 | 41篇 |
现状及发展 | 291篇 |
研究方法 | 363篇 |
综合类 | 1800篇 |
自然研究 | 99篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 25篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 44篇 |
2012年 | 205篇 |
2011年 | 352篇 |
2010年 | 73篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 222篇 |
2007年 | 231篇 |
2006年 | 222篇 |
2005年 | 251篇 |
2004年 | 253篇 |
2003年 | 187篇 |
2002年 | 242篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 7篇 |
1967年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2651条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
991.
992.
993.
994.
Chapman HN Hau-Riege SP Bogan MJ Bajt S Barty A Boutet S Marchesini S Frank M Woods BW Benner WH London RA Rohner U Szöke A Spiller E Möller T Bostedt C Shapiro DA Kuhlmann M Treusch R Plönjes E Burmeister F Bergh M Caleman C Huldt G Seibert MM Hajdu J 《Nature》2007,448(7154):676-679
Extremely intense and ultrafast X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers offer unique opportunities to study fundamental aspects of complex transient phenomena in materials. Ultrafast time-resolved methods usually require highly synchronized pulses to initiate a transition and then probe it after a precisely defined time delay. In the X-ray regime, these methods are challenging because they require complex optical systems and diagnostics. Here we propose and apply a simple holographic measurement scheme, inspired by Newton's 'dusty mirror' experiment, to monitor the X-ray-induced explosion of microscopic objects. The sample is placed near an X-ray mirror; after the pulse traverses the sample, triggering the reaction, it is reflected back onto the sample by the mirror to probe this reaction. The delay is encoded in the resulting diffraction pattern to an accuracy of one femtosecond, and the structural change is holographically recorded with high resolution. We apply the technique to monitor the dynamics of polystyrene spheres in intense free-electron-laser pulses, and observe an explosion occurring well after the initial pulse. Our results support the notion that X-ray flash imaging can be used to achieve high resolution, beyond radiation damage limits for biological samples. With upcoming ultrafast X-ray sources we will be able to explore the three-dimensional dynamics of materials at the timescale of atomic motion. 相似文献
995.
996.
Lordkipanidze D Jashashvili T Vekua A Ponce de León MS Zollikofer CP Rightmire GP Pontzer H Ferring R Oms O Tappen M Bukhsianidze M Agusti J Kahlke R Kiladze G Martinez-Navarro B Mouskhelishvili A Nioradze M Rook L 《Nature》2007,449(7160):305-310
The Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi, Georgia, has yielded a rich fossil and archaeological record documenting an early presence of the genus Homo outside Africa. Although the craniomandibular morphology of early Homo is well known as a result of finds from Dmanisi and African localities, data about its postcranial morphology are still relatively scarce. Here we describe newly excavated postcranial material from Dmanisi comprising a partial skeleton of an adolescent individual, associated with skull D2700/D2735, and the remains from three adult individuals. This material shows that the postcranial anatomy of the Dmanisi hominins has a surprising mosaic of primitive and derived features. The primitive features include a small body size, a low encephalization quotient and absence of humeral torsion; the derived features include modern-human-like body proportions and lower limb morphology indicative of the capability for long-distance travel. Thus, the earliest known hominins to have lived outside of Africa in the temperate zones of Eurasia did not yet display the full set of derived skeletal features. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
Corneo B Wendland RL Deriano L Cui X Klein IA Wong SY Arnal S Holub AJ Weller GR Pancake BA Shah S Brandt VL Meek K Roth DB 《Nature》2007,449(7161):483-486
Mammalian cells repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through either homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). V(D)J recombination, a cut-and-paste mechanism for generating diversity in antigen receptors, relies on NHEJ for repairing DSBs introduced by the Rag1-Rag2 protein complex. Animals lacking any of the seven known NHEJ factors are therefore immunodeficient. Nevertheless, DSB repair is not eliminated entirely in these animals: evidence of a third mechanism, 'alternative NHEJ', appears in the form of extremely rare V(D)J junctions and a higher rate of chromosomal translocations. The paucity of these V(D)J events has suggested that alternative NHEJ contributes little to a cell's overall repair capacity, being operative only (and inefficiently) when classical NHEJ fails. Here we find that removing certain portions of murine Rag proteins reveals robust alternative NHEJ activity in NHEJ-deficient cells and some alternative joining activity even in wild-type cells. We propose a two-tier model in which the Rag proteins collaborate with NHEJ factors to preserve genomic integrity during V(D)J recombination. 相似文献
1000.