No extreme bipolar glaciation during the main Eocene calcite compensation shift

Major ice sheets were permanently established on Antarctica approximately 34 million years ago, close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, at the same time as a permanent deepening of the calcite compensation depth in the world's oceans. Until recently, it was thought that Northern Hemisphere glaciation began much later, between 11 and 5 million years ago. This view has been challenged, however, by records of ice rafting at high northern latitudes during the Eocene epoch and by estimates of global ice volume that exceed the storage capacity of Antarctica at the same time as a temporary deepening of the calcite compensation depth approximately 41.6 million years ago. Here we test the hypothesis that large ice sheets were present in both hemispheres approximately 41.6 million years ago using marine sediment records of oxygen and carbon isotope values and of calcium carbonate content from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. These records allow, at most, an ice budget that can easily be accommodated on Antarctica, indicating that large ice sheets were not present in the Northern Hemisphere. The records also reveal a brief interval shortly before the temporary deepening of the calcite compensation depth during which the calcite compensation depth shoaled, ocean temperatures increased and carbon isotope values decreased in the equatorial Atlantic. The nature of these changes around 41.6 million years ago implies common links, in terms of carbon cycling, with events at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and with the 'hyperthermals' of the Early Eocene climate optimum. Our findings help to resolve the apparent discrepancy between the geological records of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and model results that indicate that the threshold for continental glaciation was crossed earlier in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere.     

岩板变形破坏过程加载装置设计及试验验证

浅埋采空区顶板变形破坏过程与灾变机理研究,是目前下伏采空区建(构)筑物工程实践中急待解决的难题。针对国内外在岩板变形破坏试验中存在的不足,自行研发了能够进行岩石类材料矩形板弯曲试验的加载装置。利用MTS岩石力学试验机和研发的加载装置,对单层岩板断裂铰接成拱的过程及其失稳机理进行了分析,并对双层组合岩板进行了变形破坏过程的试验研究。试验结果表明:随着施加荷载的不断增大,单层岩板梁式断裂后铰接形成拱形结构,并在铰接点产生水平反力。双层组合岩板的上层板存在梁式断裂、拱形破坏和板式断裂破坏3种破坏模式。单层岩板和双层岩板的荷载-位移全过程曲线,均存在4个明显的力学响应阶段,并由该曲线分析了岩拱结构形成过程及其失稳的特征。