积极情感在EFL教与学中的运用

情感因素对英语教学具有重大的影响。针对目前在英语作为外语(EFL)教学中存在严重的知情分离、片面强调语言学习中的认知因素、忽视情感因素对语言教学和学习的作用的现象,通过理论分析和实证研究,揭示了EFL教学和学习中存在的问题,分析了情感因素在其中的作用,提出了一些可行性建议。     

速生杨木改性材阻燃剂抗流失性的研究

在选用氮磷复合阻燃剂的前提条件下,考察低分子酚醛树脂对其在高湿条件下的固定作用,着重研究经过处理的速生杨木试件尺寸(横向)和质量变化情况。结果表明:经过阻燃处理后,阻燃剂溶液质量分数越大,试件的增重率越大,在后期测试过程中,其流失也愈严重。相同条件下(试件增重率相同时),所用的酚醛树脂（PF）质量分数越大,对阻燃剂的抗流失性改善效果越好。质量分数为25％的PF对降低氮磷无机复合阻燃剂流失率的效果最好。通过对比分析,PF对所选用的无机阻燃剂具有固定作用。     

中药新药前列栓给药途径选择的药动学依据

采用RP-HPLC法,比较研究前列栓经口和经肛门给药的药动学差异.结果表明: (1) 经肛门途径用药,小檗碱在多数兔体内为一室开放模型,少数呈现为二房室模型,个别只能用统计矩拟合,其中一房室模型药代参数为 t 1/2 K e=(96.2±37.8)mi n, c max =(178.9±88.9)μg·L-1 ,AUC=(47917.4±23255.6) μg·L-1·min;(2)经灌胃途径给药,多数兔血药浓度在检测限以下,仅有2只能测到完整曲线,可用一房室模型拟合,药代参数为 t 1/2 K e =(573.4±212.2) min, c max =(7.0±2.5)μg·L-1 ,AUC=(7725.2±4764.6)μg·L-1·min,灌胃与肛塞相比的相对生物利用度仅为26.07%和6.18%;(3) 前列腺组织药物浓度,经肛塞途径能测到部分1～2h时间点的小檗碱浓度,但不足以构成可分析的浓度-时间曲线,而灌胃途径则根本无法测到小檗碱浓度,两组间差异极显著.经肛塞给药有以下优点: 吸收速度快、血药浓度高、血药有效浓度维持时间长、靶器官前列腺组织内药物浓度相对较高,且药动学参数随兔不同而有较大的差异.研究为前列栓的经肛门途径给药和栓剂剂型的确立,提供了药代动力学依据.     

Global trends in emerging infectious diseases

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant burden on global economies and public health. Their emergence is thought to be driven largely by socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors, but no comparative study has explicitly analysed these linkages to understand global temporal and spatial patterns of EIDs. Here we analyse a database of 335 EID 'events' (origins of EIDs) between 1940 and 2004, and demonstrate non-random global patterns. EID events have risen significantly over time after controlling for reporting bias, with their peak incidence (in the 1980s) concomitant with the HIV pandemic. EID events are dominated by zoonoses (60.3% of EIDs): the majority of these (71.8%) originate in wildlife (for example, severe acute respiratory virus, Ebola virus), and are increasing significantly over time. We find that 54.3% of EID events are caused by bacteria or rickettsia, reflecting a large number of drug-resistant microbes in our database. Our results confirm that EID origins are significantly correlated with socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors, and provide a basis for identifying regions where new EIDs are most likely to originate (emerging disease 'hotspots'). They also reveal a substantial risk of wildlife zoonotic and vector-borne EIDs originating at lower latitudes where reporting effort is low. We conclude that global resources to counter disease emergence are poorly allocated, with the majority of the scientific and surveillance effort focused on countries from where the next important EID is least likely to originate.     

γ射线智能密度计电路设计

阐述了γ射线智能密度计的测量原理.设计了以C8051F005为核心的信号处理单元,并配有RS485通信接口4、~20 mA电流环输出、FM12864液晶显示器以及测量密度的显示.     

昆虫复眼的结构和功能

昆虫的复眼是昆虫最重要的光感受器,复眼是由一个个独立的小眼构成的,每个小眼主要是由角膜、晶锥、感杆束、色素细胞、基膜等组成.角膜和晶锥构成了复眼的屈光器,主要是起到透光、保护感受器和屈光的作用.感杆束和色素细胞可以随着光强的变化而变化,起到调节光量的作用,同时还起到视觉定向功能的作用.基膜是连接小眼和视神经的部分,起到了增加视神经感受性和支撑小眼的作用.     

Tb3+和Ga3+共掺杂的SiO2发光材料的制备、表征及发光性质的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了Tb3 、Ga3 共掺杂的SiO2发光材料,利用红外光谱、X射线衍射仪对其结构进行表征,通过三维、激发光谱和发射光谱对其发光性质进行分析.结果表明:经过700℃退火处理后的材料,其红外光谱只显示O-Si-O键的存在,表明水和有机物已完全除去;用544nm作为监测波长测得的激发光谱符合三价稀土离子的激发规律;在230nm光激发下得到4条Tb3 的特征发射谱带,分别是467nm(5D3-7F6),492nm(5D4-7F6),544nm(5D4-7F5),583nm(5D4-7F4),且来自5D3的跃迁在高温时由于交叉弛豫而猝灭;只掺杂Ga3 的材料在460nm处发出强烈蓝光,Tb3 、Ga3 共掺杂SiO2材料在460nm处蓝光急剧减弱,而对发光中心Tb3 544nm处的5D4-7F5跃迁和492nm处的5D4-7F6跃迁均有促进作用.此外,还分别研究了不同Ga3 或Tb3 的掺入量、退火温度对材料发光性质的影响.     

Fibronectin and VLA-4 in haematopoietic stem cell-microenvironment interactions

The self-renewal and differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells occurs in vivo and in vitro in direct contact with cells making up the haematopoietic microenvironment. In this study we used adhesive ligands and blocking antibodies to identify stromal cell-derived extracellular matrix proteins involved in promoting attachment of murine haematopoietic stem cells. Here we report that day-12 colony-forming-unit spleen (CFU-S12)5 cells and reconstituting haematopoietic stem cells attach to the C-terminal, heparin-binding fragment of fibronectin by recognizing the CS-1 peptide of the alternatively spliced non-type III connecting segment (IIICS) of human plasma fibronectin. Furthermore, CFU-S12 stem cells express the alpha 4 subunit of the VLA-4 integrin receptor, which is known to be a receptor for the CS-1 sequence, and monoclonal antibodies against the integrin alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 block adhesion of CFU-S12 stem cells to plates coated with the C-terminal fibronectin fragment. Finally, polyclonal antibodies against the integrin beta 1 subunit of VLA-4 inhibit the formation of CFU-S12-derived spleen colonies and medullary haematopoiesis in vivo following intravenous infusion of antibody-treated bone marrow cells.     

Conservation of position and exclusive expression of mouse Xist from the inactive X chromosome

X-chromosome inactivation in mammals is a regulatory phenomenon whereby one of the two X chromosomes in female cells is genetically inactivated, resulting in dosage compensation for X-linked genes between males and females. In both man and mouse, X-chromosome inactivation is thought to proceed from a single cis-acting switch region or inactivation centre (XIC/Xic). In the human, XIC has been mapped to band Xq13 (ref. 6) and in the mouse to band XD (ref. 7), and comparative mapping has shown that the XIC regions in the two species are syntenic. The recently described human XIST gene maps to the XIC region and seems to be expressed only from the inactive X chromosome. We report here that the mouse Xist gene maps to the Xic region of the mouse X chromosome and, using an interspecific Mus spretus/Mus musculus domesticus F1 hybrid mouse carrying the T(X;16)16H translocation, show that Xist is exclusively expressed from the inactive X chromosome. Conservation between man and mouse of chromosomal position and unique expression exclusively from the inactive X chromosome lends support to the hypothesis that XIST and its mouse homologue are involved in X-chromosome inactivation.