国内新手型教师与专家型教师比较研究综述

本文在分析国内关于新手型教师与专家型教师比较研究的基础上,以心理学的视角,对相关文献进行综述,进一步廓清了国内新手型教师与专家型教师比较研究的研究框架和理论研究脉络,并对今后研究方向以及当前师资培训提出了建议。     

Alternative splicing and expression of the insulin-like growth factor （IGF-1） gene in osteoblasts under mechanical stretch

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promotes osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation, and its expression is induced by mechanical stretch, thus IGF-1 has been considered an effector molecule that links mechanical stimulation and local tissue responses. In this study, a mechanical stretching device was designed to apply physiological level static or cyclic stretching stimulation to osteoblasts. Different isoforms of IGF-1 mRNA were amplified by RT-PCR from the cells using respective primers and these amplified products were sequenced. An iso-form of IGF-1 splicing product was found to be selectively produced by osteoblasts under stretching stimulation. This IGF-1 isoform had identical sequence with the mechano growth factor (MGF) which was originally identified in muscle cells. Regulations of the expression of the liver-type IGF (L.IGF-1) and MGF in osteoblasts under stretch stimulation were further studied using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Stretch stimulation was found to promot the expression of IGF-1 (L.IGF-1 and MGF), and for both isoforms expression was more effectively stimulated by cyclic stretch than static stretch. MGF was detected only in osteoblasts subjected to mechanical stretch, suggesting MGF was a stretch sensitive growth factor. Expression of MGF peaked earlier than that of L.IGF-1, which was similar to their regulation in muscle and suggested similar roles of MGF and L.IGF-1 in bone as in muscle cells. The functions of MGF and LIGF-1 in osteoblasts shall be established by further experimental studies.     

Mechanochemical synthesis and high-capacity performances of transition-metal borides as aqueous anode materials

Transition-metal borides MB0.5(M = Co,Mo,V) were synthesized by high-speed mechanical ball-milling of the corresponding elemental metals and boron,and investigated as aqueous anode materials.The as-synthesized borides can achieve an excellent discharge capacity,about twice that of their parent transition metals.The metal boride electrodes also exhibit polarizations about 100-300 mV lower than those of their parent metals.The galvanostatic discharge curve of CoB0.5 shows a single discharge voltage plateau as a result of simultaneous electro-oxidation of elemental cobalt and/or amorphous cobalt boride.Both MoB0.5 and VB0.5 show two well-defined voltage plateaus,corresponding to the electro-oxidation of the corresponding metal and boride.These results show that the coexisting transition metal and boride in the metal borides co-activate each other in the ball-milling process,thereby significantly enhancing their electrochemical performances.     

Iron-catalyzed benzylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by simple toluene derivatives

An iron-catalyzed oxidative C-C bond formation by the reactions of simple toluene derivatives with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is developed.A benzylic radical addition to a benzoylmethanato iron species is proposed for the transformation.     

浅述产品适度设计理论

适度设计是当代工业设计的多个设计理论之一,它的出现是为了缓解当前许多产品因过分设计而引起的一系列问题,是以促进工业设计的健康发展和完善为目标的设计理论。本文论述了适度设计产生的背景和发展过程,从产品的外观、功能、结构与技术、人机界面四个方面对适度设计理论的原则和运用进行了比较详细的分析和探讨,以供启发或借鉴。     

基于改进粒子群算法的轮胎模型参数两级辨识

为提高PAC89(Pacejka'89 tyre model)轮胎模型的辨识速度和辨识精度,采用加入自适应权重和自然选择性的粒子群算法,并将PAC89轮胎模型参数分为两级,依次进行辨识.以轮胎模型侧偏力曲线的辨识为例,轮胎模型中的刚度因子、形状因子、峰值因子、曲率因子、垂直和水平偏移率为一级参数,通过改进粒子群算法进行...     

宇航固态存储器可靠性设计

宇航固态存储器用于存储卫星平台遥测数据和遥感载荷数据,其可靠性关系到航天器飞行任务的成败和完成质量。采用了可靠性分级设计思想,提出了一种高可靠的宇航固态存储器设计,运用了冗余、故障检测和隔离、纠错编码等技术,将固态存储器8年寿命末期的可靠度提高到了0.996 2,满足了宇航应用的要求。     

系统可视性动态模拟软件平台的研究

对适用于社会经济系统可视性动态模拟的通用型软件平台进行了研究,提出了采用系统对象模型的建模方法。为了实现通用的可视化能力,文中对典型的计算机图形进行了抽象和分类,并介绍了自行设计的软件平台原型,包括语法协议、语法解释器流程和工作流程。     

风力机叶片结构参数敏感性分析及优化设计

以某1.5 MW风力机叶片为实例,建立叶片有限元模型,并对叶片关键结构参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明,铺层角度对叶片结构特性影响最大,主梁帽宽度及铺层厚度的影响次之,主梁帽铺层位置以及腹板布置位置的影响最小。在敏感性分析的基础上,建立以叶片质量最轻为目标函数,以主梁帽宽度、铺层数、铺层位置以及腹板布置位置为设计变量,以叶片的强度、刚度与振动性能为约束条件的优化设计数学模型,采用遗传算法与有限元法相结合的方法对叶片结构进行优化设计研究。与原设计方案相比,优化设计方案的叶片质量减轻9.8%,结构应变分布更为合理,且不会发生共振,表明优化方法合理有效。     

基于花瓣形开槽可调高阻表面单元的S波段可重构表面波波导设计与仿真

基于高阻表面的表面波波导在微波系统中被广泛用于传输表面波能量或者导引表面波至别处,但大多数表面波波导都存在如下问题:(1)导波路径是固定不变的,不能依据实际情况实时改变导波路径;(2)工作频段都很高,几乎都在X波段或以上频段.这两个问题限制了表面波波导的应用范围,尤其第一个问题意味着需要为每一条导波路径设计一个波导,将极大地提高设计加工成本.本文先设计了一个花瓣形开槽的正方形高阻单元,并加载了四个变容二极管(SMV1408),通过调整变容二极管的反向偏置电压从20V下降到0.2V,实现了在常用的S波段单元阻抗从j390Ω增加至j1710Ω;然后基于该可调高阻单元提出了可重构表面波波导概念,并通过HFSS仿真证明了该概念的可行性.该波导可以同时形成多条导波路径,并可实时调整导波路径;同时为了抑制表面波能量泄漏,利用我们之前的研究成果对导波路径的设计提出了相应的建议,仿真结果很好地验证了我们建议的有效性.