An improved form of the ELMS algorithm

1.INTRODUCTION Adaptiveechocancellersarewidelyemployedintele conferencingsystemsinordertocompensateforthe impairmentinthequalityduotoundesiredechoesre sultingfromcouplingbetweenloudspeakerandmicro phone.Inastereophonicenvironment,thefunda mentalproblemofechocancellationisthatgiventhe inputtotheloudspeakersandtheoutputofthemicro phonesinthereceivingroom,theechopathcannot bedetermineduniquely[3,8,9].Theproblemisdueto thecorrelationbetweenthestereosignals.Asare sult,anyadaptivetechniqueusedi…     

Design of TakagiSugeno fuzzy model based nonlinear sliding model controller

1.INTRODUCTION Sincethefirstpaperonfuzzysetswaspublished,fuzzy logiccontrol(FLC)hasattractedgreatattentionfrom boththeacademicandindustrialcommunities.Much progresshasbeenmadeinsuccessfullyapplyingFLCto industrialcontrolsystems.Manytheoreticalresultsabout stabilityanalysisanddesignoffuzzylogiccontrollersys temshavealsobeenobtained.Amongvariouskindsoffuzzycontrolmethods,manycontroldesignmethodshavebeenproposedon theTakagi Sugeno(T S)fuzzymodel[1].Thebasic ideaofthesemethodsincludestwos…     

Stability of discrete Hopfield neural networks with delay

1.INTRODUCTION DiscreteHopfieldneuralnetwork(DHNN)isoneof thefamousneuralnetworkswithawiderangeofap plications,suchascontentaddressablememory,pat ternrecognition,andcombinatorialoptimiza tion[1～5].ThestabilityofDHNNmeansthatevery trajectorymustconvergetowardsanequilibrium point,oralimitcycle.Becausethestabilityof DHNNisthefoundationofthenetwork’sapplica tionsandisthemostbasicandimportantproblem,thestabilityanalysisoftheDHNNhasattractedcon siderableinterest.Manyresearchershavefocu…     

RESEARCH ON REUSE OF PAPERMAKING LIGNIN-CONVERSION OF LIGNIN TO BTX BY CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS IN A POWDER PARTICLE FLUIDIZED BED

INTRODUCTIONPlant consists essentially of three main polymers:lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which are themost abundant and renewable hydrocarbon resourceson the earth. The annual yield of rice straw, wheatstraw, bagasse, reed, and bamboo in our country hasexceeded 1 billion tons. 30% of the yield of ricestraw and wheat straw are used for papermaking, which occupy 70-80% of the raw material. However, it is the difficulty in papermaking waste liquid treatment as well as the lack of c…     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

早期海绵的四辐射对称性

目前学术界对最古老后生动物门类的分支序列及系统演化仍没有共识,但大多数学者都深信海绵动物是最早分支的后生动物.现生海绵部分属种有似辐射对称、少部分有顺轴旋系对称,因此,海绵被认为是在真后生动物发育特征,如有明确的轴性对称出现之前演化的动物.其他早期后生动物门类有两侧对称、四辐射对称(刺胞动物门)、二辐射对称(栉水母门)或是没有对称轴性(扁盘动物门).本研究报道了来自华南寒武系荷塘组具有四辐射对称结构的海绵化石,并且从已报道的柱状海绵化石中鉴别出前人所忽略的四辐射对称结构.本研究指出四辐射对称是海绵的原始特征,并且推测最早的海绵始祖应该是由基因控制、外形规整、细胞结构交织而成的个体.     

关于太平洋安全的中欧对话：展望太平洋：看得到合作的希望吗？

太平洋地区正呈现出紧张局势，这不仅体现在关键的中美关系上，而且也体现在中国与其东部和南中国海周边国家的关系上。正如白宫、美国外交部和五角大楼在2012年初正式宣布且具体实施的那样，美国注意力、行动和军力分配向太平洋地区的“再平衡”战略转移，及此战略背后的真实意图，都引起北京方面的关注。中国担心，美国从大西洋到太平洋的整体“战略转移”，     

分析系统动力学 建模与仿真

本书是结合分析力学和系统动力学发展起来的一种新的多学科动力学系统建模方法。这种新的建模技术基于拉格朗日能量法，依次生成一系列适合数值积分的微分代数方程。本书适用的建模方法是能建模和仿真的六连杆闭链机构或晶体管功率放大器等系统。     

基于OBB层次结构碰撞检测的改进算法

方向包围盒（Oriented bounding box：OBB）的构造以及包围盒的相交测试的计算量都比较大，严重影响了在模拟、仿真的应用，尤其是有变形物体的场景。引入近似凸包的思想提出一种快速构造方向包围盒算法，很大程度上减少了构造方向包围盒（0BB）层次结构的顶点数，改进后的算法在降低构造层次结构时间的同时，对方向包围盒的紧密性代价几乎没有影响，在有些时候还提高了包围盒的紧密性。在包围盒相交测试方面，提留了一种基于筒单羽以爱的相交须刿方击，该算法在检测过程中省去了大量包围盒的相交测试计算，提高了相交测试的速度。最后将两种改进算法联合的碰撞检测框架与常用的基于均值和协方差矩阵的包围盒构造和基于分裂轴的算法进行比较，证明了算法具有高效性。     

Novel neurotrophic factor CDNF protects and rescues midbrain dopamine neurons in vivo

In Parkinson's disease, brain dopamine neurons degenerate most prominently in the substantia nigra. Neurotrophic factors promote survival, differentiation and maintenance of neurons in developing and adult vertebrate nervous system. The most potent neurotrophic factor for dopamine neurons described so far is the glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Here we have identified a conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) as a trophic factor for dopamine neurons. CDNF, together with its previously described vertebrate and invertebrate homologue the mesencephalic-astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor, is a secreted protein with eight conserved cysteine residues, predicting a unique protein fold and defining a new, evolutionarily conserved protein family. CDNF (Armetl1) is expressed in several tissues of mouse and human, including the mouse embryonic and postnatal brain. In vivo, CDNF prevented the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in a rat experimental model of Parkinson's disease. A single injection of CDNF before 6-OHDA delivery into the striatum significantly reduced amphetamine-induced ipsilateral turning behaviour and almost completely rescued dopaminergic tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra. When administered four weeks after 6-OHDA, intrastriatal injection of CDNF was able to restore the dopaminergic function and prevent the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. Thus, CDNF was at least as efficient as GDNF in both experimental settings. Our results suggest that CDNF might be beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.