Leptomeningeal metastasis from central nervous system tumors: A study of classification and stage in the spinal canal of 58 patients

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is caused by the spread of malignant tumor cells into the subarachnoid space.However,classification and staging of LM in the spinal canal is rare in the literature.The authors reviewed the records of 58 Chinese patients with LM for clinical features,neuroimaging,and treatments.Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and spinal cord were performed in all patients.Removal of intracranial tumors was performed in all patients and diagnoses were confirmed by histology.The study group consisted of 58 patients,with 29 cases presenting with intraspinal symptoms.Of the 58,8 patients underwent intraspinal tumor removal,8 received radiotherapy alone,9 received chemotherapy alone,and 34 patients received combined radiochemotherapy.We classified LM into 3 types:type L or leptomeninges LM,is subdivided into 2 subtypes (subtype LI and LII (a,b)),type N or nerve root LM is subdivided into 2 subtypes (subtype NI and NII (a,b)),and type M or mixed-type LM.We also divided LM into stages of I-IV according to the symptoms and the volume of the tumor based on spinal axial MRI.Type LI LM often occurs in patients with intracranial and intraspinal tumors found simultaneously.Patients who receive surgery for intracranial tumors may present with type N LM.Surgery is suitable for patients with NI LM and LIIb LM in stages III-IV,presenting with severe spinal symptoms.The prognosis is better for type N LM than type L LM.     

Present status and future prospect of design of Pt–cerium oxide electrodes for fuel cell applications

In the research field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the design of electrocatalytic activities on Pt-oxide promoter in the anode side has attracted attention for improvement of CO tolerance of Pt in anode side and a lowering of large over-potential loss of the oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode in the fuel cells. In the Pt-oxide promoter series, Pt–CeOx/C is one of the unique systems. It is because the unique behavior of CeOx such as electrochemical redox reaction between Ce3t and Ce4t in the anodic and cathodic reactions of fuel cell is observed. The present short review gives an overview of the recent works for improvement of the CO tolerance of Pt in the Pt–CeOx/C anodes and enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction activity on Pt in the Pt–CeOx/C cathodes for fuel cell application. To show the design paradigm for fabrication of high quality Pt–CeOx/C electrodes, the authors re-introduced parts of our research results to highlight the important role of interface structure of Pt–CeOx based on the ultimate analysis results. The usefulness of the combined approach of microanalysis and the processing route design is presented.     

精锻叶片模具三维型面优化技术

基于有限元模拟技术,对包括切边工序在内的叶片精锻过程进行了准确模拟,并针对叶片锻造过程中叶身型面产生的尺寸偏差,采用模具型面直接补偿的方法对叶片精锻模具进行了三维优化设计.通过模拟,定量给出了锻件型面的尺寸偏差,建立了偏差类型与型面变形之间的关系.以锻件型面偏差总量最小为优化目标,设计了基于变化的权重优化算法,准确计算了模具型面各节点上的插补值,并利用B样条曲面构建技术对优化后的模具型面进行了重构.开发了模具型面直接补偿优化设计系统,并对镍基叶片模具进行了优化设计.结果表明,模具型面偏差明显减小,优化效果显著.     

苏北地区的空间梯度分析

从经济联系强度的角度出发,运用城市中心性、经济联系总强度与隶属度模型,探讨苏北地区的空间范围．根据熵值法确定徐州为苏北的中心城市,以徐州为中心划分出核心圈层与外围圈层;根据经济联系强度、隶属度等对苏北地区28个县市进行了空间重构,初步将苏北地区划分为3大区域,并结合相关分形理论对其进行验证．结果表明,徐州城区、丰县、沛县、睢宁、新沂、邳州、宿迁城区、连云港城区、沭阳、东海、泗阳、泗洪、赣榆、灌云14县市构成了以徐州城区为中心的徐宿连区;淮安城区、灌南、涟水、盱眙、洪泽、金湖、响水7县市构成了以淮安城区为中心的淮安区;盐城城区、射阳、建湖、阜宁、东台、滨海、大丰7县市构成了以盐城城区为中心的盐城区．     

基于BIM技术的室内照明仿真模拟软件计算精度解析

建筑照明专业参与BIM （building information modeling）技术的同平台作业还处于起步阶段。DIALux evo 8.2和ElumTools 2019.07是目前仅有的参与BIM技术的室内照明仿真模拟软件。采用CIE （Commission Internationale de i''Eclairage）发布的CIE 171：2006—test cases to assess the accuracy of lighting computer programs的5.2至5.8测试用例，通过验证这2款软件的计算精度，分析得出软件性能的优缺点。结果表明：在计算点光源直接照度、面光源直接照度以及光通量守恒性能这3个方面，2款软件均具有较高精度；计算大面积漫反射、遇遮挡和不同反射率这3种情况的间接照度时，DIALux evo 8.2计算精度优于ElumTools 2019.07；计算小面积漫反射的间接照度精度时，ElumTools 2019.07计算精度优于DIALux evo 8.2；计算定向透射性能时，这2款软件精度均比较低。进一步分析得出：核心算法是产生误差的主要原因，2款软件信息交换均存在一定缺陷。因此，采用光子映射算法，创建建筑与照明全信息交换接口将成为未来基于BIM技术的室内照明仿真模拟软件的研发方向。     

保险粉(Na_2S_2O_4·2H_2O)在废漂定液的提银及再生中的应用

叙述了保险粉对废漂定液的提银及再生原理、操作方法;指出再生漂定液返回彩扩店后的冲印效果和新鲜药液一样。     

虚拟现实技术在电子设计与测试中的应用

简介了一种虚拟现实技术在电子设计与测试中的应用实例,简述了以计算机为平台,用“虚拟仪器、虚拟元器件”实现电子设计与测试自动化的操作环境与操作过程,并给出了仿真实验结果图３,参３     

Relationship between lattice mismatch and ionic conduction of grain boundary in YSZ

The grain boundary plays an important role in the electrical behaviors of solid oxide electrolytes for solid state fuel cells. To reveal the relationship between the structure and the ionic conductivity of grain boundary,the conductive properties of {1 1 1} and {1 1 0} twist grain boundaries in 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia have been examined. These boundaries have a series of Σ values defined by the coincident site lattice model. It has been found that the activation energy of {1 1 1} twist grain boundary increases and then decreases with the Σ value,while that of the {1 1 0} boundary shows an opposite trend. It is suggested that the properties can reflect the balance of the effects of lattice mismatch on the diffusion ability of oxygen vacancies and the segregation of oxygen vacancies and Y3 tions. Therefore,the properties in polycrystalline electrolyte can be adjusted by controlling the grain boundary structures.     

Cu2+和Zn2+对模拟胃液中NDMA形成的影响

【目的】在模拟胃液条件下研究重金属Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)对内源致癌性N-二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA)形成的影响,并进一步探讨其作用机理。【方法】分别用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)和离子色谱法(IC)来测定NDMA、二甲胺(DMA)和亚硝酸根(NO_2~-)含量。【结果】在模拟胃液条件下,Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)浓度高于50mg/L时,可以促进NDMA的形成,且当浓度由50mg/L增大到200mg/L时,Cu~(2+)促进率由1.16%增大到94.56%,Zn~(2+)促进率由21.32%增大到45.86%。在重金属浓度为符合或接近符合水质基准值1.0mg/L时,Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)对NDMA的形成也分别有16.88%和13.42%的促进率;而当重金属浓度为10mg/L时,两种离子却均抑制NDMA的形成。机理研究表明Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)促进NDMA的形成主要是由于其与DMA发生相互作用,进而导致NDMA形成。【结论】高浓度的Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)通过与DMA相互作用,形成活性中间体从而促进NDMA的生成。     

师范生教学技能自主训练实效性调查研究——以西南大学历史学专业为例

教学技能是教师必备的教学基本功,也是教师教育的重要内容.对于历史学专业师范生的成长而言,日常的自主训练尤为关键.通过对西南大学历史文化学院师范生自主训练现状进行调查后发现,历史学专业师范生自主训练存在自主训练频率过高、教学评价能力提高缓慢、自主训练缺乏有效监督等问题.为此,提出应从师范生培养单位以及师范生自身出发,加强教师队伍建设、改善自主训练硬件设施条件、加强师范生自我训练与反思等措施,以提高历史学师范生专业能力,进而提升其整体培养质量.