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401.
定义了交换环R的关于自同构群G的G-自同态,给出有关G-自同态的一些基本性质,证明了Galois扩张的G-自同态象仍为Galois扩张,并且还得到它的逆命题. 相似文献
402.
2005年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予澳大利亚科学家巴里·马歇尔(Barry Marshall)和罗宾·沃伦(Robin Warren),以表彰他们发现了导致人类罹患胃炎、胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡的罪魁--幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp).这项近乎"平民化"的研究成果相对于当今发展飞快的分子生物学、神经科学以及干细胞研究等领域而言,无疑是一个震撼性的消息.它提示了传统的病原微生物研究并没有退出历史的舞台,恰恰相反,证实了科学研究在平淡中见"奇"之特点.时下包括禽流感等在内的高危传染性疾病近乎是愈演愈烈,也表明对病原微生物深入地开展全方位系统研究的紧迫性和必要性. 相似文献
403.
Complex insulating perovskite alloys are of considerable technological interest because of their large dielectric and piezoelectric responses. Examples of such alloys include (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3, which has emerged as a leading candidate dielectric material for the memory-cell capacitors in dynamic random access memories; and Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 (PZT), which is widely used in transducers and actuators. The rich variety of structural phases that these alloys can exhibit, and the challenge of relating their anomalous properties to the microscopic structure, make them attractive from a fundamental point of view. Theoretical investigations of modifications to the atomic ordering of these alloys suggest the existence of further unexpected structural properties and hold promise for the development of new functional materials with improved electromechanical properties. Here we report ab initio calculations that show that a certain class of atomic rearrangement should lead simultaneously to large electromechanical responses and to unusual structural phases in a given class of perovskite alloys. Our simulations also reveal the microscopic mechanism responsible for these anomalies. 相似文献
404.
含有大量羟基的离子液体可以与镍(II)金属配合物发生配位反应,含有二者的溶液具有热致变色性质。这种新型的热致变色体系,只需要普通太阳光的热量就能驱动变色,具有变色灵敏、环境友好等特点。这种热致变色体系在与高分子材料聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)形成复合物后,仍然具有优良的热致变色特性,且这种复合物可以由不同的镍(II)金属配合物组成。另外,这种热致变色体系还可以通过引入额外的氯离子,使体系在温度低于0℃以下时有颜色变化响应,体系转变为冷致变色体系。本文介绍几种基于羟烷基咪唑类和基于季铵盐的深共熔溶剂类离子液体,分别与镍(II)金属配合物所组成的热致/冷致变色体系及相关基础研究和复合膜应用研究工作。 相似文献
405.
Light elements must be present in the nearly pure iron core of the Earth to match the remotely observed properties of the outer and inner cores. Crystallization of the inner core excludes light elements from the solid, concentrating them in liquid near the inner-core boundary that potentially rises and collects at the top of the core, and this may have a seismically observable signal. Here we present array-based observations of seismic waves sensitive to this part of the core whose wave speeds require there to be radial compositional variation in the topmost 300?km of the outer core. The velocity profile significantly departs from that of compression of a homogeneous liquid. Total light-element enrichment is up to five weight per cent at the top of the core if modelled in the Fe-O-S system. The stratification suggests the existence of a subadiabatic temperature gradient at the top of the outer core. 相似文献
406.
RNA aptamers as reversible antagonists of coagulation factor IXa 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Many therapeutic agents are associated with adverse effects in patients. Anticoagulants can engender acute complications such as significant bleeding that increases patient morbidity and mortality. Antidote control provides the safest means to regulate drug action. For this reason, despite its known limitations and toxicities, heparin use remains high because it is the only anticoagulant that can be controlled by an antidote, the polypeptide protamine. To date, no generalizable strategy for developing drug-antidote pairs has been described. We investigated whether drug-antidote pairs could be rationally designed by taking advantage of properties inherent to nucleic acids to make antidote-controlled anticoagulant agents. Here we show that protein-binding oligonucleotides (aptamers) against coagulation factor IXa are potent anticoagulants. We also show that oligonucleotides complementary to these aptamers can act as antidotes capable of efficiently reversing the activity of these new anticoagulants in plasma from healthy volunteers and from patients who cannot tolerate heparin. This generalizable strategy for rationally designing a drug-antidote pair thus opens up the way for developing safer regulatable therapeutics. 相似文献
407.
Krimigis SM Mitchell DG Hamilton DC Dandouras J Armstrong TP Bolton SJ Cheng AF Gloeckler G Hsieh KC Keath EP Krupp N Lagg A Lanzerotti LJ Livi S Mauk BH McEntire RW Roelof EC Wilken B Williams DJ 《Nature》2002,415(6875):994-996
Several planetary missions have reported the presence of substantial numbers of energetic ions and electrons surrounding Jupiter; relativistic electrons are observable up to several astronomical units (au) from the planet. A population of energetic (>30[?]keV) neutral particles also has been reported, but the instrumentation was not able to determine the mass or charge state of the particles, which were subsequently labelled energetic neutral atoms. Although images showing the presence of the trace element sodium were obtained, the source and identity of the neutral atoms---and their overall significance relative to the loss of charged particles from Jupiter's magnetosphere---were unknown. Here we report the discovery by the Cassini spacecraft of a fast (>103[?]km[?]s-1) and hot magnetospheric neutral wind extending more than 0.5[?]au from Jupiter, and the presence of energetic neutral atoms (both hot and cold) that have been accelerated by the electric field in the solar wind. We suggest that these atoms originate in volcanic gases from Io, undergo significant evolution through various electromagnetic interactions, escape Jupiter's magnetosphere and then populate the environment around the planet. Thus a 'nebula' is created that extends outwards over hundreds of jovian radii. 相似文献
408.
High-power terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Terahertz (THz) radiation, which lies in the far-infrared region, is at the interface of electronics and photonics. Narrow-band THz radiation can be produced by free-electron lasers and fast diodes. Broadband THz radiation can be produced by thermal sources and, more recently, by table-top laser-driven sources and by short electron bunches in accelerators, but so far only with low power. Here we report calculations and measurements that confirm the production of high-power broadband THz radiation from subpicosecond electron bunches in an accelerator. The average power is nearly 20 watts, several orders of magnitude higher than any existing source, which could enable various new applications. In particular, many materials have distinct absorptive and dispersive properties in this spectral range, so that THz imaging could reveal interesting features. For example, it would be possible to image the distribution of specific proteins or water in tissue, or buried metal layers in semiconductors; the present source would allow full-field, real-time capture of such images. High peak and average power THz sources are also critical in driving new nonlinear phenomena and for pump-probe studies of dynamical properties of materials. 相似文献
409.
410.