“西电东送”工程与“长三角经济带”经济可持续发展

“长江三角经济带”是我国最大的经济核心区，而电力又是制约其发展的一个重要因素。论述了实施“西电东送”，对实现我国能源合理配置，改善电源结构，促进“长江三角经济带”经济发展具有深远的战略意义和作用。     

加热U型管内压力降型脉动发生界限研究

从压力降型脉动发生的机理方面作了分析，用小扰动法计算了压力降型脉动发生的界限，同时用试验数据加以验证，还比较了３种不同布置的Ｕ型管的脉动界限。     

Control of adenine nucleotide metabolism and glycolysis in vertebrate skeletal muscle during exercise

The turnover of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in vertebrate skeletal muscle can increase more than a hundredfold during high-intensity exercise while the content of ATP in muscle may remain virtually unchanged. This requires that the rates of ATP hydrolysis and ATP synthesis are exactly balanced despite large fluctuations in reaction rates. ATP is regenerated initially at the expense of phosphocreatine (PCr) and then mainly through glycolysis from muscle glycogen. The increased ATP turnover in contracting muscle will cause an increase in the contents of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and inorganic phosphate (P_i), metabolites that are substrates and activators of regulatory enzymes such as glycogen phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase. An intracellular metabolic feedback mechanism is thus activated by muscle contraction. How muscle metabolism is integrated in the intact body under physiological conditions is not fully understood. Common frogs are suitable experimental animals for the study of this problem because they can readily be induced to change from rest to high-intensity exercise, in the form of swimming. The changes in metabolites and effectors in gastrocnemius muscle were followed during exercise, post-exercise recovery and repeated exercise. The results suggest that glycolytic flux in muscle is modulated by signals from outside the muscle and that fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is a key signal in this process.     

感应电机定子磁通定向（SFO）控制中的死区效应分析

对感应电机定子磁通定向控制中的死区效应进行了分析与讨论，从理论上阐明了死区的存在及其对系统性能的影响。经过数学分析与理论推导，得出了死区效应对系统在低速轻载时的影响尤为显著的结论，为工程实际提供了理论依据和方法。     

Hsp90 chaperones protein folding in vitro.

The heat-shock protein Hsp90 is the most abundant constitutively expressed stress protein in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, where it participates in the maturation of other proteins, modulation of protein activity in the case of hormone-free steroid receptors, and intracellular transport of some newly synthesized kinases. A feature of all these processes could be their dependence on the formation of protein structure. If Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone involved in maintaining a certain subset of cellular proteins in an inactive form, it should also be able to recognize and bind non-native proteins, thereby influencing their folding to the native state. Here we investigate whether Hsp90 can influence protein folding in vitro and show that Hsp90 suppresses the formation of protein aggregates by binding to the target proteins at a stoichiometry of one Hsp90 dimer to one or two substrate molecule(s). Furthermore, the yield of correctly folded and functional protein is increased significantly. The action of Hsp90 does not depend on the presence of nucleoside triphosphates, so it may be that Hsp90 uses a novel molecular mechanism to assist protein folding in vivo.     

Creation and diagnosis of a solid-density plasma with an X-ray free-electron laser

Matter with a high energy density (>10(5)?joules per cm(3)) is prevalent throughout the Universe, being present in all types of stars and towards the centre of the giant planets; it is also relevant for inertial confinement fusion. Its thermodynamic and transport properties are challenging to measure, requiring the creation of sufficiently long-lived samples at homogeneous temperatures and densities. With the advent of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser, high-intensity radiation (>10(17)?watts per cm(2), previously the domain of optical lasers) can be produced at X-ray wavelengths. The interaction of single atoms with such intense X-rays has recently been investigated. An understanding of the contrasting case of intense X-ray interaction with dense systems is important from a fundamental viewpoint and for applications. Here we report the experimental creation of a solid-density plasma at temperatures in excess of 10(6) kelvin on inertial-confinement timescales using an X-ray free-electron laser. We discuss the pertinent physics of the intense X-ray-matter interactions, and illustrate the importance of electron-ion collisions. Detailed simulations of the interaction process conducted with a radiative-collisional code show good qualitative agreement with the experimental results. We obtain insights into the evolution of the charge state distribution of the system, the electron density and temperature, and the timescales of collisional processes. Our results should inform future high-intensity X-ray experiments involving dense samples, such as X-ray diffractive imaging of biological systems, material science investigations, and the study of matter in extreme conditions.     

与DNA键联的激发态Cu（NACN）共振拉曼研究

用４００ｎｍ和４４５ｎｍ脉冲激光激发测量水溶铜卟啉（４－Ｎ－乙腈基－吡啶基铜卟啉）及其与小牛胸腺ＤＮＡ复合物的共振拉曼光谱。分析表明Ｃｕ（ＮＡＣＮ）与ＤＮＡ形成了电子激发态复合物。观察到除铜卟啉的谱带６和８外，７带也在它的低频区出现了代表形成激发态复合物的额外峰。激发态复合中铜卟啉骨架发生了较大畸变，而吡啶取代基团没有明显变化，并且激发态复合中卟啉核π电子与ＤＮＡπ电子之间产生了比基态时强得多的相互作用。     

Is Leibnizian Calculus Embeddable in First Order Logic?

To explore the extent of embeddability of Leibnizian infinitesimal calculus in first-order logic (FOL) and modern frameworks, we propose to set aside ontological issues and focus on procedural questions. This would enable an account of Leibnizian procedures in a framework limited to FOL with a small number of additional ingredients such as the relation of infinite proximity. If, as we argue here, first order logic is indeed suitable for developing modern proxies for the inferential moves found in Leibnizian infinitesimal calculus, then modern infinitesimal frameworks are more appropriate to interpreting Leibnizian infinitesimal calculus than modern Weierstrassian ones.