Generation of Linear and Parabolic Concentration Gradients by Using a Christmas Tree-Shaped Microfluidic Network

This paper describes a simple method of generating concentration gradients with linear and parabolic profiles by using a Christmas tree-shaped microfluidic network.The microfluidic gradient generator consists of two parts:a Christmas tree-shaped network for gradient generation and a broad microchannel for detection.A two-dimensional model was built to analyze the flow field and the mass transfer in the microfluidic network.The simulating results show that a series of linear and parabolic gradient profiles were generated via adjusting relative flow rate ratios of the two source solutions(R_L~2≥0.995 and _PR~2≥0.999),which could match well with the experimental results(R_L~2≥0.987 and _PR~2≥0.996).The proposed method is promising for the generation of linear and parabolic concentration gradient profiles,with the potential in chemical and biological applications such as combinatorial chemistry synthesis,stem cell differentiation or cytotoxicity assays.     

Critical Chords of Convex Bodies of Constant Width

In this paper, we show that when Minkowski measure of asymmetry of convex body K of constant width is bigger than α (n-1), K has at least n+1 critical chords, where \(\alpha (n) = \frac{{n + \sqrt {2n(n + 1)} }}{{n + 2}}\).     

盐岩储库腔底堆积物空隙体积试验与计算

受建库盐层本身地质特点影响,造腔结束后,底部一般会堆积大量不溶物。堆积物的存在既浪费了有效库容体积,又为整体建库施工带来了诸多不利因素。为科学评价该堆积物并进行有效处理或转变利用以增大库容体积,对其分布特征及堆积空隙体积进行了研究。通过室内溶腔实验获取了堆积不溶物样品,采用筛分法实验测定了其颗粒分布,并根据分形分布理论对其粒度分布特征进行了分析,进而基于可压缩堆积模型对堆积空隙体积进行了数值及模型研究。应用实例进行计算并与现场数据进行了对比评价验证,结果表明,在双对数坐标系下,腔底堆积物颗粒尺寸与累积数量呈线性相关,即其粒度分布可用分形分布函数进行表征,且分形维数作为分布特征参量能较好地描述颗粒均匀程度与集中性。     

The hidden disintegration of cluster heterogeneity in Fe-based glass-forming alloy melt

The evolution of liquid metal at high temperature is known much less than their solid states. This is partially due to that the message concerning clusters, metastable phase or heterogeneity in liquid is usually too slight to be traced. Here, we shed some light on the nature of structural evolution of Fe-based glass-forming alloy during overheating process by the investigation of high-temperature melt viscometry and first principles simulations. It was found that a structural transition around 1400 ℃ occurred in the melts of initial homogeneous ingot, heterogeneous ingot and amorphous ribbons jointly, and was confirmed by the results from differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), and ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD). Combining these results with Fe-Si-B ternary phase diagram and the melting characteristics of Fe-B compounds, it is safe to conclude that the disintegration of Fe_2B type clusters to Fe_3B-type clusters leads to the observed transition. These results offer a significant reference for the preparation and property control of Fe-based amorphous alloys.     

有限全变换半群Tn的D-类Dr的一些特殊子集的极大子半群

主要讨论了全变换半群Tn的D-类Dr上的R-类,L-类的极大子半群结构,并且证明了这些极大子半群也是Dr的极大子半群.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3无铅压电陶瓷制备及性能

研究了不同烧结制度下的NBBT6陶瓷的致密度、介电和压电性能.870℃左右预烧,可以得到致密且压电和介电性能较好的陶瓷(d33=107 pC/N.∈r=750,tanδ为3.23%).通过相应的粒度分析可知,提高预烧温度对粒度的影响不太大,但可用于湿法制备工艺中的原材料制备,解决湿法工艺中材料易被极性水分子解离而影响材料组分的问题.加入少量的BaTiO3到NBT中形成NBT-BT的固溶体,通过对压电介电性能及XRD的分析可知.当质量分数x=0.06时.(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xBaTiO3晶体结构出现由三方相到四方相的转变,此时的性能达到最大值(d33=114 pC/N,∈r=1 173.tanδ为3.4%).     

应用一改进的模式对北京夏季风、温和湿度场的模拟

对北京大学的三维复杂地形中尺度数值模式进行了适当改进,引入第2代陆面过程模式的参数化方案,在计算地表能量水分收支时更加注重植被的影响,根据植物生态和土壤的地理分布特征确定陆面参数。结果表明,改进后的模式在模拟夏季北京气温场、风场、湿度场时都取得令人满意的效果。模拟结果可为了解北京地区区域气候的形成、污染物的扩散及城市规划提供参考和帮助。     

Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系准晶的形成规律研究

本文通过快速冷凝方法制得了Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系合金粉末。这种快冷合金粉末在室温下为准晶相和晶态相共存结构,当把粉末加热到773K左右时,晶态相开始消失并且转变为准晶相,加热到1000K晶态相基本上完全转变为准晶相,继续升温准晶相又逐渐减少,晶态相重新产生和增加。本文对Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系快冷合金粉末的加热相变、准晶形成规律、准晶的成分范围进行了详细的研究。     

由转速对汽油机点火提前角进行自适应控制的研究

研究了利用检测汽油机转速单一参数来进行汽油机点火提前角自适应控制的方法。从实用角度出发，在保留原汽油机分电器的基础上，将微机自适应控制和原发动机分电器开环控制结合起来进行联合控制。当汽油机处于稳定转速和缓变速时，由微机进行自适应控制；发动机运行在急变速工况时，则由分电器单独控制。这样既能保证点火系统可靠工作，又改善了原汽油机的动力性和经济性，具有实用价值。     

钻软硬交错地层时钻头弯矩及转角的计算方法

本文详细地分析了从软地层钻入硬地层前后,钻头上产生弯矩的原因及计算方法。根据软硬地层的可钻性不同,钻速及相应的地层对钻头的反作用力也不同的原理,推导了在钻过交界面前后钻头的转角、钻具的反力矩及软硬地层中不同钻速与时间的关系式及微分方程,给出了方程的解。求解结果表明,钻头的转角和弯矩是随时间的延长而逐渐增大,在全部钻完交界面时达到最大值;钻头弯矩与交错层的可钻性、下部钻具的结构和钻头的几何尺寸有关,并且与所加的钻压成正比。