全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3192篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 74篇 |
丛书文集 | 24篇 |
教育与普及 | 6篇 |
理论与方法论 | 5篇 |
现状及发展 | 1562篇 |
研究方法 | 133篇 |
综合类 | 1373篇 |
自然研究 | 39篇 |
出版年
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 74篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 58篇 |
2007年 | 60篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 55篇 |
2004年 | 85篇 |
2003年 | 57篇 |
2002年 | 50篇 |
2001年 | 102篇 |
2000年 | 98篇 |
1999年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 83篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 37篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 46篇 |
1985年 | 51篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 45篇 |
1979年 | 96篇 |
1978年 | 61篇 |
1977年 | 80篇 |
1976年 | 53篇 |
1975年 | 53篇 |
1974年 | 103篇 |
1973年 | 86篇 |
1972年 | 75篇 |
1971年 | 83篇 |
1970年 | 117篇 |
1969年 | 104篇 |
1968年 | 113篇 |
1967年 | 97篇 |
1966年 | 106篇 |
1965年 | 74篇 |
1964年 | 31篇 |
1959年 | 27篇 |
1958年 | 49篇 |
1957年 | 39篇 |
1956年 | 44篇 |
1955年 | 31篇 |
1954年 | 25篇 |
1948年 | 32篇 |
排序方式: 共有3216条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
141.
M. O. Olowo-Okorun 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1973,29(12):1511-1512
Résumé Parmi les lapins mâles privés de nourriture pendant une période de 72 h au maximum, la quantité de gastrine brutte par gramme fut la plus élevée chez les sujets soumis à ce test pendant 12 h et la moins élevée chez ceux qui l'ont subit pendant 72 h au maximum. L'activité gastrique de l'extrait brut n'était pas affectée par la privation de nourriture et aucune corrélation ne put être établie entre le taux de la glucose sanguine et la gastrine accumulée chez les lapins affamés.
Acknowledgments. I am grateful to the M. R. C. London for the synthetic human gastrin I used. This work was supported by fund from University of Ibadan Senate Research Grant. 相似文献
Acknowledgments. I am grateful to the M. R. C. London for the synthetic human gastrin I used. This work was supported by fund from University of Ibadan Senate Research Grant. 相似文献
142.
A. R. Tébar V. M. Fernández R. MartinDelRío A. O. Ballesteros 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1973,29(12):1477-1479
Resumen Se han realizado estudios de asociación-disociación por filtración en gel con el primer enzima de la biosíntesis de histidina enEscherichia coli, en presencia de sustratos y ligandos. Se observa una interconversión reversible entre las formas dímero, tetrámero y exámero, y una agregación irreversible de orden superior. 相似文献
143.
Morphology of muscle spindles in the rat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
144.
C. A. Johnson R. A. Løvstad E. Walaas O. Walaas 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1970,26(2):134-135
Résumé On sait que la plasmine céruléenne crystalline rétroplacentaire humaine ainsi qua la plasmine apocérulécnne empêchent l'hémaglutination virale. Cet effet pourrait être attribué aux résidus d'acide sialique, car l'action préventive disparaît après traitement de la plasmine céruléenne par la neuraminidase. 相似文献
145.
146.
van Boekel R Min M Leinert Ch Waters LB Richichi A Chesneau O Dominik C Jaffe W Dutrey A Graser U Henning T de Jong J Köhler R de Koter A Lopez B Malbet F Morel S Paresce F Perrin G Preibisch T Przygodda F Schöller M Wittkowski M 《Nature》2004,432(7016):479-482
Our Solar System was formed from a cloud of gas and dust. Most of the dust mass is contained in amorphous silicates, yet crystalline silicates are abundant throughout the Solar System, reflecting the thermal and chemical alteration of solids during planet formation. (Even primitive bodies such as comets contain crystalline silicates.) Little is known about the evolution of the dust that forms Earth-like planets. Here we report spatially resolved detections and compositional analyses of these building blocks in the innermost two astronomical units of three proto-planetary disks. We find the dust in these regions to be highly crystallized, more so than any other dust observed in young stars until now. In addition, the outer region of one star has equal amounts of pyroxene and olivine, whereas the inner regions are dominated by olivine. The spectral shape of the inner-disk spectra shows surprising similarity with Solar System comets. Radial-mixing models naturally explain this resemblance as well as the gradient in chemical composition. Our observations imply that silicates crystallize before any terrestrial planets are formed, consistent with the composition of meteorites in the Solar System. 相似文献
147.
Tschöp M Castañeda TR Joost HG Thöne-Reineke C Ortmann S Klaus S Hagan MM Chandler PC Oswald KD Benoit SC Seeley RJ Kinzig KP Moran TH Beck-sickinger AG Koglin N Rodgers RJ Blundell JE Ishii Y Beattie AH Holch P Allison DB Raun K Madsen K Wulff BS Stidsen CE Birringer M Kreuzer OJ Schindler M Arndt K Rudolf K Mark M Deng XY Whitcomb DC Halem H Taylor J Dong J Datta R Culler M Craney S Flora D Smiley D Heiman ML Withcomb DC 《Nature》2004,430(6996):1 p following 165; discussion 2 p following 165
Batterham et al. report that the gut peptide hormone PYY3-36 decreases food intake and body-weight gain in rodents, a discovery that has been heralded as potentially offering a new therapy for obesity. However, we have been unable to replicate their results. Although the reasons for this discrepancy remain undetermined, an effective anti-obesity drug ultimately must produce its effects across a range of situations. The fact that the findings of Batterham et al. cannot easily be replicated calls into question the potential value of an anti-obesity approach that is based on administration of PYY3-36. 相似文献
148.
Aldose reductase is involved in the polyol pathway, catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. However, due to pronounced binding site adaptations, the enzyme can operate on a broad palette of structurally diverse substrates ranging from small aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes up to steroid-type ligands. A comparative analysis of the presently accessible crystal structures of aldose reductase complexes reveals four binding-competent protein conformations. Additional relevant conformers are detected through molecular dynamics simulations. They indicate an equilibrium of several conformers which is shifted towards the binding-competent geometries upon ligand binding. Such a manifold system with several alternative binding site conformers requires some tailored concepts in virtual screening. We followed two strategies, both successfully suggesting new micromolar inhibitors. In a first attempt, we concentrated on one preferred conformer and performed a virtual screening, assuming that the binding pocket of aldose reductase adopts only this conformation. In a second approach, we followed a ligand superpositioning method. Ligands were extracted in their bound conformations from three different crystal structures, all accommodating the ligands with different active site conformations. After merging these ligands into one supermolecule, mutual alignments were computed, taking candidate ligands from a screening database. The latter strategy also retrieved several structurally new inhibitors of micromolar potency. 相似文献
149.
The presence and functional role of the swelling-activated Cl- current (ICl(swell)) in rabbit cardiac Purkinje cells was examined using patch-clamp methodology. Extracellular hypotonicity (210 or 135 mOsm) activated an outwardly rectifying, time-independent current with a reversal potential close to the calculated Cl- equilibrium potential (ECl). The magnitude of this current was related to tonicity of the superfusate. The current was blocked by 0.5 mM 4,4-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS). These features are comparable to those of ICl(swell) found in sinoatrial nodal, atrial, and ventricular myocytes. ICl(swell) activation at 210 and 135 mOsm depolarized the resting membrane potential with 6 and 10 mV and shortened the action potential by 18 and 33%, respectively. DIDS partially reversed ICl(swell)-induced action potential changes. We conclude that ICl(swell) is present in Purkinje cells and its activation leads to action potential shortening and resting membrane potential depolarization, both of which can promote the development of reentrant arrhythmias.Received 20 January 2004; received after revision 17 February 2004; accepted 25 February 2004 相似文献
150.
The molecular mechanisms of congenital hypofibrinogenaemia 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Maghzal GJ Brennan SO Homer VM George PM 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2004,61(12):1427-1438
Congenital hypofibrinogenaemia is characterized by abnormally low levels of fibrinogen and is usually caused by heterozygous mutations in the fibrinogen chain genes (, and ). However, it does not usually result in a clinically significant condition unless inherited in a homozygous or compound heterozygous state, where it results in a severe bleeding disorder, afibrinogenaemia. Various protein and expression studies have improved our understanding of how mutations causing hypo- and afibrinogenaemia affect secretion of the mature fibrinogen molecule from the hepatocyte. Some mutations can perturb chain assembly as in the 153 Cys Arg case, while others such as the B Leu Arg and the B414 Gly Ser mutations allow intracellular hexamer assembly but inhibit protein secretion. An interesting group of mutations, such as 284 Gly Arg and 375 Arg Trp, not only cause hypofibrinogenaemia but are also associated with liver disease. The nonexpression of these variant chains in plasma fibrinogen is due to retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn leads to hypofibrinogenaemia.Received 17 December 2003; received after revision 19 January 2004; accepted 21 January 2004 相似文献