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271.
Molecular genetic basis of the histo-blood group ABO system 总被引:59,自引:0,他引:59
The histo-blood group ABO, the major human alloantigen system, involves three carbohydrate antigens (ABH). A, B and AB individuals express glycosyltransferase activities converting the H antigen into A or B antigens, whereas O(H) individuals lack such activity. Here we present a molecular basis for the ABO genotypes. The A and B genes differ in a few single-base substitutions, changing four amino-acid residues that may cause differences in A and B transferase specificity. A critical single-base deletion was found in the O gene, which results in an entirely different, inactive protein incapable of modifying the H antigen. 相似文献
272.
Phospholipid binding by a synaptic vesicle protein homologous to the regulatory region of protein kinase C 总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43
Neurotransmitters are released at synapses by the Ca2(+)-regulated exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, which are specialized secretory organelles that store high concentrations of neurotransmitters. The rapid Ca2(+)-triggered fusion of synaptic vesicles is presumably mediated by specific proteins that must interact with Ca2+ and the phospholipid bilayer. We now report that the cytoplasmic domain of p65, a synaptic vesicle-specific protein that binds calmodulin contains an internally repeated sequence that is homologous to the regulatory C2-region of protein kinase C (PKC). The cytoplasmic domain of recombinant p65 binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity indicating an interaction of p65 with the hydrophobic core as well as the headgroups of the phospholipids. The binding specificity resembles PKC, except that p65 also binds calmodulin, placing the C2-regions in a context of potential Ca2(+)-regulation that is different from PKC. This is a novel homology between a cellular protein and the regulatory domain of protein kinase C. The structure and properties of p65 suggest that it may have a role in mediating membrane interactions during synaptic vesicle exocytosis. 相似文献
273.
More false-positive problems 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
274.
Residues of the variable region of the T-cell-receptor beta-chain that interact with S. aureus toxin superantigens 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
The alpha beta T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) recognizes antigenic peptides in the context of self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The specificity of recognition of MHC plus antigen is generally determined by a combination of the variable elements of alpha- and beta-chains of the TCR. Several types of antigen, however, have been identified that, when bound to MHC molecules, stimulate T cells bearing particular variable-region beta-chain (V beta) elements irrespective of the other variable components of the TCR. These have been termed 'superantigens', and here we are concerned with one type of superantigen, the toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. T cells have been found that bear closely related members of the same V beta family but respond differently to S. aureus toxins; in particular, cells bearing the human V beta 13.2 element respond to toxin SEC2, whereas cells bearing human V beta 13.1 do not. We have now defined the residues of the V beta element responsible for this difference, and find that they reside in a region thought to lie on the side of the TCR molecule, away from the conventional antigen/MHC-binding site. The evolutionary conservation of this site may be due to its having an important role in some function of the TCR other than the binding of conventional antigen plus MHC. 相似文献
275.
本文应用数字图象处理与识别技术在 IBMPC/AT 图象处理系统上实现了光学干涉条纹图象的自动分析.文中提出的曲面平滑方法既可消除随机噪声又可使退化的图象得到改善.探讨了用二维灰值检测的方法获取条纹的准峰值或准谷值线.提出了用记忆跟踪算法自动消除噪声线段、剔除条纹毛刺的方法.文中还介绍了自动确定条纹级数的简要原理,最后给出了干涉条纹图象处理的实例. 相似文献
276.
Synthetic analogues of fumagillin that inhibit angiogenesis and suppress tumour growth. 总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46
Neovascularization is critical for the growth of tumours and is a dominant feature in a variety of angiogenic diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, haemangiomas, arthritis and psoriasis. Recognition of the potential therapeutic benefit of controlling unabated capillary growth has led to a search for safe and effective angiogenesis inhibitors. We report here the synthesis of a family of novel inhibitors that are analogues of fumagillin, a naturally secreted antibiotic of Aspergillus fumigatus fresenius. We first isolated this fungus from a contaminated culture of capillary endothelial cells. Purified fumagillin inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and tumour-induced angiogenesis in vivo; it also inhibited tumour growth in mice, but prolonged administration was limited because it caused severe weight loss. Synthesis of fumagillin analogues yielded potent angiogenesis inhibitors ('angioinhibins') which suppress the growth of a wide variety of tumours with relatively few side-effects. 相似文献
277.
Cloning of a cDNA encoding a non-isopeptide-selective subtype of the endothelin receptor 总被引:39,自引:0,他引:39
Endothelin-1 was initially identified as a 21-residue potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells, but was subsequently found to have many effects on both vascular and non-vascular tissues. The discovery of three isopeptides of the endothelin family, ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3, each possessing a diverse set of pharmacological activities of different potency, suggested the existence of several different endothelin receptor subtypes. Endothelins may elicit biological responses by various signal-transduction mechanisms, including the G protein-coupled activation of phospholipase C and the activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Thus, different subtypes of the endothelin receptor may use different signal-transduction mechanisms. Here we report the cloning of a complementary DNA encoding one subtype belonging to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. COS-7 cells transfected with the cDNA express specific and high-affinity binding sites for endothelins, responding to binding by the production of inositol phosphates and a transient increase in the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+. The three endothelin isopeptides are roughly equipotent in displacing 125I-labelled ET-1 binding and causing Ca2+ mobilization. A messenger RNA corresponding to the cDNA is detected in many rat tissues including the brain, kidney and lung but not in vascular smooth muscle cells. These results indicate that this cDNA encodes a 'nonselective' subtype of the receptor which is different from the vascular smooth muscle receptor. 相似文献
278.
探讨了溅射用铁电陶瓷靶(PZT,PLZT)的烧结工艺,并对其显微结构进行了分析。结果表明,采用新的烧结工艺(含保护措施),可以有效地抑制PbO的挥发,制备出组织结构及成分均匀、PbO含量正常、致密度较高、不变形的符合磁控溅射要求的铁电陶瓷烧结靶。 相似文献
279.
基于对时间序列实质的分析,提出了旨在减少序列的随机误差影响以及提高拟合精度的AR模型参数的积分求解法.重点讨论了AR(1)模型及AR(p)模型参数的积分求解法,并与最小二乘法在计算机上进行了仿真比较.结果表明,采用积分求解法所得的AR模型参数的估计精度比最小二乘法的高. 相似文献
280.
强反射层追踪与相对时差拾取中的“多值”现象严重影响剩余静校正的效果,为此提出的小波包预处理方法,可以实现地震道噪声与信号及不同强反射层的分离,从而能自动识别并提取“纯”的强反射层,提高强反射层追踪的可靠性和相对时差的拾取精度. 相似文献