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91.
92.
Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass die schnelle Hypertrophie des M. soleus nach Tenotomie des synergistischen M. gastrocnemius durch passive Spannung des antagonistischen Muskels verursacht wird. Denervierung dieser Antagonisten verzögert eine Hypertrophie des M. soleus, während die Deafferenzierung des ganzen Gliedes ohne Effekt bleibt; auch zusätzliche Arbeitsleistung führt auf dem Höhepunkt der Hypertrophie zu keinerlei Gewichtszunahme. 相似文献
93.
A. Klara Pfeifer E. Sz. Vizi Eva Satory Eva Galambos 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1963,19(9):482-483
Zusammenfassung Sieben Tage nach Adrenalektomie ist der 5-HT-Gehalt des Rattengehirns vermindert, während der NA-Gehalt unverändert bleibt. Chronische Hydrocortisonbehandlung restituiert, DOCA-Behandlung bleibt wirkungslos. Nach 5-HTP-Behandlung steigt der 5-HT-Gehalt auch im Gehirn der adrenalektomierten Tiere. 相似文献
94.
A D'Hont F Denoeud JM Aury FC Baurens F Carreel O Garsmeur B Noel S Bocs G Droc M Rouard C Da Silva K Jabbari C Cardi J Poulain M Souquet K Labadie C Jourda J Lengellé M Rodier-Goud A Alberti M Bernard M Correa S Ayyampalayam MR Mckain J Leebens-Mack D Burgess M Freeling D Mbéguié-A-Mbéguié M Chabannes T Wicker O Panaud J Barbosa E Hribova P Heslop-Harrison R Habas R Rivallan P Francois C Poiron A Kilian D Burthia C Jenny F Bakry S Brown V Guignon G Kema M Dita C Waalwijk S Joseph A Dievart 《Nature》2012,488(7410):213-217
Bananas (Musa spp.), including dessert and cooking types, are giant perennial monocotyledonous herbs of the order Zingiberales, a sister group to the well-studied Poales, which include cereals. Bananas are vital for food security in many tropical and subtropical countries and the most popular fruit in industrialized countries. The Musa domestication process started some 7,000 years ago in Southeast Asia. It involved hybridizations between diverse species and subspecies, fostered by human migrations, and selection of diploid and triploid seedless, parthenocarpic hybrids thereafter widely dispersed by vegetative propagation. Half of the current production relies on somaclones derived from a single triploid genotype (Cavendish). Pests and diseases have gradually become adapted, representing an imminent danger for global banana production. Here we describe the draft sequence of the 523-megabase genome of a Musa acuminata doubled-haploid genotype, providing a crucial stepping-stone for genetic improvement of banana. We detected three rounds of whole-genome duplications in the Musa lineage, independently of those previously described in the Poales lineage and the one we detected in the Arecales lineage. This first monocotyledon high-continuity whole-genome sequence reported outside Poales represents an essential bridge for comparative genome analysis in plants. As such, it clarifies commelinid-monocotyledon phylogenetic relationships, reveals Poaceae-specific features and has led to the discovery of conserved non-coding sequences predating monocotyledon-eudicotyledon divergence. 相似文献
95.
ABCC9 mutations identified in human dilated cardiomyopathy disrupt catalytic KATP channel gating 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Bienengraeber M Olson TM Selivanov VA Kathmann EC O'Cochlain F Gao F Karger AB Ballew JD Hodgson DM Zingman LV Pang YP Alekseev AE Terzic A 《Nature genetics》2004,36(4):382-387
Stress tolerance of the heart requires high-fidelity metabolic sensing by ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels that adjust membrane potential-dependent functions to match cellular energetic demand. Scanning of genomic DNA from individuals with heart failure and rhythm disturbances due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy identified two mutations in ABCC9, which encodes the regulatory SUR2A subunit of the cardiac K(ATP) channel. These missense and frameshift mutations mapped to evolutionarily conserved domains adjacent to the catalytic ATPase pocket within SUR2A. Mutant SUR2A proteins showed aberrant redistribution of conformations in the intrinsic ATP hydrolytic cycle, translating into abnormal K(ATP) channel phenotypes with compromised metabolic signal decoding. Defective catalysis-mediated pore regulation is thus a mechanism for channel dysfunction and susceptibility to dilated cardiomyopathy. 相似文献
96.
MHC2TA is associated with differential MHC molecule expression and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Swanberg M Lidman O Padyukov L Eriksson P Akesson E Jagodic M Lobell A Khademi M Börjesson O Lindgren CM Lundman P Brookes AJ Kere J Luthman H Alfredsson L Hillert J Klareskog L Hamsten A Piehl F Olsson T 《Nature genetics》2005,37(5):486-494
Antigen presentation to T cells by MHC molecules is essential for adaptive immune responses. To determine the exact position of a gene affecting expression of MHC molecules, we finely mapped a previously defined rat quantitative trait locus regulating MHC class II on microglia in an advanced intercross line. We identified a small interval including the gene MHC class II transactivator (Mhc2ta) and, using a map over six inbred strains combined with gene sequencing and expression analysis, two conserved Mhc2ta haplotypes segregating with MHC class II levels. In humans, a -168A --> G polymorphism in the type III promoter of the MHC class II transactivator (MHC2TA) was associated with increased susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction, as well as lower expression of MHC2TA after stimulation of leukocytes with interferon-gamma. We conclude that polymorphisms in Mhc2ta and MHC2TA result in differential MHC molecule expression and are associated with susceptibility to common complex diseases with inflammatory components. 相似文献
97.
Mutations in SEPT9 cause hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Kuhlenbäumer G Hannibal MC Nelis E Schirmacher A Verpoorten N Meuleman J Watts GD De Vriendt E Young P Stögbauer F Halfter H Irobi J Goossens D Del-Favero J Betz BG Hor H Kurlemann G Bird TD Airaksinen E Mononen T Serradell AP Prats JM Van Broeckhoven C De Jonghe P Timmerman V Ringelstein EB Chance PF 《Nature genetics》2005,37(10):1044-1046
Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant recurrent neuropathy affecting the brachial plexus. HNA is triggered by environmental factors such as infection or parturition. We report three mutations in the gene septin 9 (SEPT9) in six families with HNA linked to chromosome 17q25. HNA is the first monogenetic disease caused by mutations in a gene of the septin family. Septins are implicated in formation of the cytoskeleton, cell division and tumorigenesis. 相似文献
98.
Paciorek T Zazímalová E Ruthardt N Petrásek J Stierhof YD Kleine-Vehn J Morris DA Emans N Jürgens G Geldner N Friml J 《Nature》2005,435(7046):1251-1256
One of the mechanisms by which signalling molecules regulate cellular behaviour is modulating subcellular protein translocation. This mode of regulation is often based on specialized vesicle trafficking, termed constitutive cycling, which consists of repeated internalization and recycling of proteins to and from the plasma membrane. No such mechanism of hormone action has been shown in plants although several proteins, including the PIN auxin efflux facilitators, exhibit constitutive cycling. Here we show that a major regulator of plant development, auxin, inhibits endocytosis. This effect is specific to biologically active auxins and requires activity of the Calossin-like protein BIG. By inhibiting the internalization step of PIN constitutive cycling, auxin increases levels of PINs at the plasma membrane. Concomitantly, auxin promotes its own efflux from cells by a vesicle-trafficking-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, asymmetric auxin translocation during gravitropism is correlated with decreased PIN internalization. Our data imply a previously undescribed mode of plant hormone action: by modulating PIN protein trafficking, auxin regulates PIN abundance and activity at the cell surface, providing a mechanism for the feedback regulation of auxin transport. 相似文献
99.
Accurate estimates of the global burden of malaria are important for planning, monitoring and advocacy. Snow et al. attempt to address the shortcomings of previous estimates of the incidence of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum by combining current and historical data. However, we believe that the design of their model and its inputs have led to a significant overestimate of the malaria burden outside Africa--as in the example of the World Health Organization (WHO) western Pacific region (WPR), for which their model predicts 60 times the 2002 incidence reported by national malaria-control programmes. 相似文献
100.
Long-standing models propose that plant growth responses to light or gravity are mediated by asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin. Physiological studies implicated a specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth; however, neither the molecular components of this system nor the cellular mechanism of auxin redistribution on light or gravity perception have been identified. Here, we show that auxin accumulates asymmetrically during differential growth in an efflux-dependent manner. Mutations in the Arabidopsis gene PIN3, a regulator of auxin efflux, alter differential growth. PIN3 is expressed in gravity-sensing tissues, with PIN3 protein accumulating predominantly at the lateral cell surface. PIN3 localizes to the plasma membrane and to vesicles that cycle in an actin-dependent manner. In the root columella, PIN3 is positioned symmetrically at the plasma membrane but rapidly relocalizes laterally on gravity stimulation. Our data indicate that PIN3 is a component of the lateral auxin transport system regulating tropic growth. In addition, actin-dependent relocalization of PIN3 in response to gravity provides a mechanism for redirecting auxin flux to trigger asymmetric growth. 相似文献