汽车用废弃锂离子电池的减量化、再生及回收研究进展

The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for vehicles is increasing. However, LIBs use valuable rare metals, such as Co and Li, as well as environmentally toxic reagents. LIBs are also necessary to utilize for a long period and to recycle useful materials. The reduction, reuse, and recycle (3R) of spent LIBs is an important consideration in constructing a circular economy. In this paper, a flowsheet of the 3R of LIBs is proposed and methods to reduce the utilization of valuable rare metals and the amount of spent LIBs by remanufacturing used parts and designing new batteries considering the concept of 3R are described. Next, several technological processes for the reuse and recycling of LIBs are introduced. These technologies include discharge, sorting, crushing, binder removal, physical separation, and pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processing. Each process, as well as the related physical, chemical, and biological treatments, are discussed. Finally, the problem of developed technologies and future subjects for 3R of LIBs are described.     

Northern Hemisphere forcing of climatic cycles in Antarctica over the past 360,000 years

The Milankovitch theory of climate change proposes that glacial-interglacial cycles are driven by changes in summer insolation at high northern latitudes. The timing of climate change in the Southern Hemisphere at glacial-interglacial transitions (which are known as terminations) relative to variations in summer insolation in the Northern Hemisphere is an important test of this hypothesis. So far, it has only been possible to apply this test to the most recent termination, because the dating uncertainty associated with older terminations is too large to allow phase relationships to be determined. Here we present a new chronology of Antarctic climate change over the past 360,000 years that is based on the ratio of oxygen to nitrogen molecules in air trapped in the Dome Fuji and Vostok ice cores. This ratio is a proxy for local summer insolation, and thus allows the chronology to be constructed by orbital tuning without the need to assume a lag between a climate record and an orbital parameter. The accuracy of the chronology allows us to examine the phase relationships between climate records from the ice cores and changes in insolation. Our results indicate that orbital-scale Antarctic climate change lags Northern Hemisphere insolation by a few millennia, and that the increases in Antarctic temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration during the last four terminations occurred within the rising phase of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. These results support the Milankovitch theory that Northern Hemisphere summer insolation triggered the last four deglaciations.     

Quantitative immunofluorescence of tyrosine hydroxylase in the adrenal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Summary The amount of tyrosine hydroxylase protein in the adrenal medulla, which was estimated by a quantitative immunofluorescence method, was higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats at 4 and 16 weeks of age before and after the development of hypertension.This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan (No. 59570018). Reprint requests to I.N., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fujita-Gakuen Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-11 (Japan).     

Quantitative immunofluorescence of tyrosine hydroxylase in the adrenal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats

The amount of tyrosine hydroxylase protein in the adrenal medulla, which was estimated by a quantitative immunofluorescence method, was higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats at 4 and 16 weeks of age before and after the development of hypertension.     

Specific reaction of aloe extract with serum proteins of various animals.

We found that aloe extract contains a lectin-like substance which reacts with serum proteins of various animals. Furthermore, in human serum 2 proteins, alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin, were shown to be reactive with aloe extract.     

The uptake of radioactive phosphorus into phosphorus compounds in the brains of virus-infected mice

Zusammenfassung Die Verteilung von radioaktivem Phosphor im Gehirn virusinfizierter weisser Mäuse ist geprüft worden. Im Zeitpunkt maximaler Virusvermehrung nimmt die Aufnahme des radioaktiven Phosphors in den Phosphorverbindungen der infizierten Gehirne deutlich zu. Virologische und biochemische Aspekte wurden diskutiert.

---

---

Aided by grants from the Japan Ministry of Education, and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science.