Enzymatic test for the detection of a riboflavin deficiency. NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase of red blood cells and its activation by FAD in vitro

Zusammenfassung Die NADPH-spezifische Glutathion-reduktaseaktivität hämolysierter Erythrozyten erscheint brauchbar als Parameter zur Erfassung von Riboflavin-mangelzuständen. Die Enzymaktivität wird in vitro durch einen Zusatz von FAD bei Riboflavinmangelratten wesentlich stärker erhöht als bei Kontrollratten. Untersuchungen mit menschlichen Erythrozyten deuten darauf hin, dass auch hier die Aktivierbarkeit des Enzyms durch FAD vom Riboflavinstatus abhängt.

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The following abbreviations are used: NADPH, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (triphosphopyridine nucleotide); FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide.     

Early brain growth in Homo erectus and implications for cognitive ability

Humans differ from other primates in their significantly lengthened growth period. The persistence of a fetal pattern of brain growth after birth is another important feature of human development. Here we present the results of an analysis of the 1.8-million-year-old Mojokerto child (Perning 1, Java), the only well preserved skull of a Homo erectus infant, by computed tomography. Comparison with a large series of extant humans and chimpanzees indicates that this individual was about 1 yr (0-1.5 yr) old at death and had an endocranial capacity at 72-84% of an average adult H. erectus. This pattern of relative brain growth resembles that of living apes, but differs from that seen in extant humans. It implies that major differences in the development of cognitive capabilities existed between H. erectus and anatomically modern humans.     

The structure of H5N1 avian influenza neuraminidase suggests new opportunities for drug design

The worldwide spread of H5N1 avian influenza has raised concerns that this virus might acquire the ability to pass readily among humans and cause a pandemic. Two anti-influenza drugs currently being used to treat infected patients are oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza), both of which target the neuraminidase enzyme of the virus. Reports of the emergence of drug resistance make the development of new anti-influenza molecules a priority. Neuraminidases from influenza type A viruses form two genetically distinct groups: group-1 contains the N1 neuraminidase of the H5N1 avian virus and group-2 contains the N2 and N9 enzymes used for the structure-based design of current drugs. Here we show by X-ray crystallography that these two groups are structurally distinct. Group-1 neuraminidases contain a cavity adjacent to their active sites that closes on ligand binding. Our analysis suggests that it may be possible to exploit the size and location of the group-1 cavity to develop new anti-influenza drugs.     

华北电网最大负荷及峰谷差的灰色等维递补预测

本文根据灰色系统理论，建立了华北电网最大负荷及峰谷差的灰色等维递补预测动态模型，并计算出了直到２０００年的最大负荷及峰谷差预测值。经检验此方法具有预测精度高、计算速度快及使用方便等优点，不失为一种实用的负荷预测方法。     

Early optical emission from the gamma-ray burst of 4 October 2002

Observations of the long-lived emission--or 'afterglow'--of long-duration gamma-ray bursts place them at cosmological distances, but the origin of these energetic explosions remains a mystery. Observations of optical emission contemporaneous with the burst of gamma-rays should provide insight into the details of the explosion, as well as into the structure of the surrounding environment. One bright optical flash was detected during a burst, but other efforts have produced negative results. Here we report the discovery of the optical counterpart of GRB021004 only 193 seconds after the event. The initial decline is unexpectedly slow and requires varying energy content in the gamma-ray burst blastwave over the course of the first hour. Further analysis of the X-ray and optical afterglow suggests additional energy variations over the first few days.     

MHC polymorphism pre-dating speciation

Two features distinguish the polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci from that of other loci: its high diversity and the large genetic distance between MHC alleles. More than 100 alleles exist in natural populations in the mouse at each of the functional class I and class II alleles, all alleles occurring at frequencies that cannot be explained by recurrent mutations. Some of the alleles differ by approximately 70 nucleotides in the coding region alone and some of the products of the allelic genes differ by more than 50 amino acids. It has generally been assumed that these differences accumulated after species inception. Here, we present evidence for an alternative explanation of the origin of MHC polymorphism: a large part of the MHC polymorphism pre-dates speciation and is passed on from species to species. We describe allelic differences that must have arisen before the separation of mice and rats from a common ancestor more than 10 million years ago.     

山西省中职院校田径教学的现状分析

田径一直是学校体育教学的主要内容,通过对山西省中职院校田径教学的调查研究发现:目前中职田径课教学培养目标不明确,教学内容、教学方法及手段较单一,学生及老师对田径课程的认识水平也需要进一步提高.学生对田径课的学习兴趣和学习动力需要充分挖掘,并认识到田径在学校体育中的健身价值.     

如何在工程竣工结算过程中控制工程造价

随着我国经济建设的发展,建筑企业的规模越来越大,工程结算又是决定工程造价最关键的一步,如何在这最关键的一步控制好工程造价。工程造价直接关系着建设单位和施工单位效益的问题,这就需要双方共同努力,所以文章就作者在这几年工作中总结的几点经验进行论述。     

关于节流阀几个问题的讨论

本文引用节流气穴的试验结果,讨论了增加节流阀进出口压力差△p来提高节流阀刚度措施的有限性.从气穴观点出发,节流阀的进、出油口应该有明确的规定,(即应使液流为收缩流);锥形阀(包括锥形节流阀)锥角(?)的大小,在不同场合应做不同考虑,以尽量避免或减轻节流气穴产生.