材料物理与化学重点学科建设的思考

教学型大学的主要任务是提高教学质量,培养应用型高级专门人才.学科建设是人才培养的关键.重点学科建设应结合学科特点和优势,明确学科研究方向,紧密结合教学,突出应用性教育的特点,发挥重点学科的科学研究、人才培养、为社会服务三大职能.就材料物理与化学学科建设提出了自己的初步思考.     

1,8-萘啶氮氧化物与3d元素高氯酸盐配合物研究

在非水介质中合成出1,8-萘啶氮氧化物与6个3d元素(锰,铁,钴,镍,铜,锌)高氯酸盐的固体配合物.对配合物进行了熔点及溶解性测定.通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱和摩尔电导等测定.研究了配合物的组成和性质.     

Resequencing of 200 human exomes identifies an excess of low-frequency non-synonymous coding variants

Targeted capture combined with massively parallel exome sequencing is a promising approach to identify genetic variants implicated in human traits. We report exome sequencing of 200 individuals from Denmark with targeted capture of 18,654 coding genes and sequence coverage of each individual exome at an average depth of 12-fold. On average, about 95% of the target regions were covered by at least one read. We identified 121,870 SNPs in the sample population, including 53,081 coding SNPs (cSNPs). Using a statistical method for SNP calling and an estimation of allelic frequencies based on our population data, we derived the allele frequency spectrum of cSNPs with a minor allele frequency greater than 0.02. We identified a 1.8-fold excess of deleterious, non-syonomyous cSNPs over synonymous cSNPs in the low-frequency range (minor allele frequencies between 2% and 5%). This excess was more pronounced for X-linked SNPs, suggesting that deleterious substitutions are primarily recessive.     

Evidence for complete denitrification in a benthic foraminifer

Benthic foraminifera are unicellular eukaryotes found abundantly in many types of marine sediments. Many species survive and possibly reproduce in anoxic habitats, but sustainable anaerobic metabolism has not been previously described. Here we demonstrate that the foraminifer Globobulimina pseudospinescens accumulates intracellular nitrate stores and that these can be respired to dinitrogen gas. The amounts of nitrate detected are estimated to be sufficient to support respiration for over a month. In a Swedish fjord sediment where G. pseudospinescens is the dominant foraminifer, the intracellular nitrate pool in this species accounted for 20% of the large, cell-bound, nitrate pool present in an oxygen-free zone. Similarly high nitrate concentrations were also detected in foraminifera Nonionella cf. stella and a Stainforthia species, the two dominant benthic taxa occurring within the oxygen minimum zone of the continental shelf off Chile. Given the high abundance of foraminifera in anoxic marine environments, these new findings suggest that foraminifera may play an important role in global nitrogen cycling and indicate that our understanding of the complexity of the marine nitrogen cycle is far from complete.     

OSPF协议中路由表计算的测试例生成方法

本给出了OSPF协议中路由表计算部分的Petri网模型和产生测试例的方法,以算法中的外部路由计算为例,详细介绍了如何从协议本形式化为Petri网模型,然后再多Petri网生成测试例的方法,并给出了方法所采用的测试标准。     

Clinal variation and selection of MDH allozymes in honey bee populations

Latitudinal clines of malate dehydrogenase-1 (MDH-1) allozymes occur within honey bee populations on three continents: Europe, North America and South America. The North and South American populations are introduced and demonstrate that Mdh allelic clines were established within the last 150 years. The frequency of the medium electrophoretic allele increases in frequency with increasing latitude while the fast allele decreases with latitude on all the three continents. The clines are best explained by the average daily high temperature for July on all continents. These parallel clines provide evidence for selection on Mdh alleles in honey bees.     

Muramyl dipeptide responsive pathways in Crohn’s disease: from NOD2 and beyond

Crohn’s disease (CD) is one of main disease entities under the umbrella term chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The etiology of CD involves alterations in genetic, microbiological, and immunological factors. This review is devoted to the role of the bacterial wall compound muramyl dipeptide (MDP) for the activation of inflammatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis of CD. The importance of this molecule is underscored by the fact that (1) MDP, which is found in most Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, is able to trigger several immunological responses in the intestinal system, and (2) that alterations in several mediators of the MDP response including—but not restricted to—nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) are associated with CD. The normalization of MDP signaling is one of several important factors that influence the intestinal inflammatory response, a fact which emphasizes the pathogenic importance of MDP signaling for the pathogenesis of CD. The important aspects of NOD2 and non-NOD2 mediated effects of MDP for the development of CD are highlighted, as well as how alterations in these pathways might translate into the development of new therapeutic strategies.     

化学类人才培养模式的实践与探索

分析了高等教育面临的挑战,论述了化学专业办学思想、专业特色与办学定位,以及师资队伍建设、课程体系建设、教学方法更新、大学生创新性研究实验和毕业论文等在化学类专业创新人才培养中的重要性,介绍其在上述诸方面的实践情况。