基于展望理论的知识型员工激励机制

基于展望理论研究了效用函数,同时利用委托代理理论分别研究了确定性环境和不确定性环境下知识型员工激励机制中奖励与惩罚的特征.研究表明:损失规避心理需要补偿,奖励与惩罚不具有对称性,惩罚优化了风险分担,少罚多奖具有更好的激励效果;员工行动可观测且目标业绩等于知识型员工的能力水平时,可以实现泊累托最优;挑战性目标与惩罚方式相结合的激励机制能促使知识型员工付出更多努力,提高企业产出水平,但惩罚方式也提高了企业的薪酬成本.最后给出了案例分析,论证了在知识型员工的激励实践中,通过设计挑战性目标业绩,同时结合惩罚方式的激励机制,可以利用知识型员工的损失规避心理,产生更好的激励作用.     

用电导滴定法测定甲酚磺酸

本文采用电导滴定法对宫炎清药物合成的中间体水溶液——含硫酸的甲酚磺酸水溶液进行了分析测定,结果表明,电导滴定曲线能明确地分别标示出磺酸基与硫酸总含量的滴定终点和酚羟基含量的滴定终点.根据酚羟基含量准确得到宫炎清药物合成中间体——甲酚磺酸的含量为491mg/mL.     

开展幼儿科学活动的思考

提高全体国民的科学素质是教育改革的主要任务,因为没有高科学素质的人,社会就不能进入高科技时代,就不能得到可持续发展.而这一切都要从幼儿抓起,从娃娃抓起.文章以此为背景,阐述了幼儿科学活动的重要性以及科学活动对幼儿教师提出的新要求,并说明了培养幼师学生科学活动能力的方法.     

分形编码中的最优压缩映射

提高传统分形压缩编码的性能。方法将分形变换编码建模为一个不等式约束条件下的非线性规划问题,将压缩射条件作用到最优射的求解过程中,得到全局意义上的最优压缩映射,给出了该模型及相应的求解算法,对算法收敛性,初始点选择等问题进行了讨论。     

O2流量对O2/C4F8等离子体刻蚀SiCOH低k薄膜的影响

研究了O2/C4F8等离子体刻蚀SiCOH低k薄膜时O2流量对刻蚀率、表面结构的影响,及其放电等离子体特性的关联.发现O2流量的增大可以极大地提高多孔SiCOH薄膜的刻蚀速率,降低表面的粗糙度,减少SiCOH薄膜表面的C:F沉积.等离子体特性的光谱分析表明,O2的添加,增强了C与O之间的反应,从而在Si、F反应刻蚀Si的同时,C、O之间的反应使C消耗,实现Si、C的同步刻蚀,从而获得SiCOH低k薄膜的高刻蚀率和低粗糙度表面.     

基于烟花算法的基站群协作计算卸载模型研究

车联网、AR、AI等计算密集、时延敏感型应用迅速发展,而移动设备因自身计算能力相对不足,执行此类应用任务时会因高时延而严重影响用户体验甚至无法满足用户需求。针对此问题,提出综合考虑时延与成本的多用户、多MEC (mobile edge computing)服务器的基站群协作计算卸载模型。并提出基于凸优化的改进烟花算法（improved fireworks algorithm based on convex optimization, CVX-FWA）来对模型进行求解,对用户任务进行合理的卸载与资源分配。仿真结果表明,提出的计算卸载方案有效降低了任务总时延成本值,实现计算卸载资源的整体优化配置。     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.