Effect of Dy substitution on the microstructure and magnetic properties of nanograin Nd-Fe-B single-phase alloys

Nanocrystalline single-phase alloys with the nominal compositions (at%) of Nd_12.3-xDy_xFe_79.7Zr_0.8Nb_0.8Cu_0.4B_6.0 (x=0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5) were prepared by melt-spinning and subsequent annealing. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the as-spun ribbons were mainly composed of the amorphous phase. A slight content of Dy stabilizes the amorphous phase during annealing treatment. The grain size becomes smaller and the coercivity of the annealed ribbon is gradually improved with the increase of Dy content. Excessive Dy is harmful to the remanence. It is found that no intergranular phase exists between the grains by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the grain boundaries are crystallographically coherent in the optimally annealed sample. The optimum magnetic properties of remanence (J_r=1.09 T), coercivity (H_ci=1048 kA/m), and maximum magnetic energy product ((BH)_m=169.5 kJ/m3) are obtained from the x=0.5 ribbon in a post heat-treated state (700℃, 10 min).     

Simulation of solute transportation within porous particles during the bioleaching process

A mathematical model, accounting for the sulfuric acid and ferric ions diffusion and the copper sulfide mineral leaching process, was developed for an ore particle by considering its porous structure. It was simulated with the simulation tool COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulation results show that the highest acid and ferric concentrations near the particle surface are apparent, while the concentrations in the central particle increase slightly as the less-porous ore core with low permeability prevents the oxidation from penetrating. The extraction of the mineral near the particle surface is the maximum, mainly because of ample sulfuric acid, ferric ions, bacteria, and oxygen available for the leaching process. Because of low oxidation concentration in the central part of the particle, the reaction rate and copper sulphide conversion are small. The simulation shows good agreement with the experimental results.     

A new route of ferric ions rejection in a synthetic nickel leach solution

A new route of impurity rejection to remove ferric iron from a synthetic nickel leach solution was introduced, which simulated the chemical composition of a typical acid leach solution of nickel laterites under atmospheric pressure. The synthetic solution underwent a stepwise neutralization process, with each step adopting different pH value-temperature combinations. In a conventional nickel atmospheric leach (AL) process, the nickel loss could be as high as 10wt%, which was a longstanding issue and prevented this process from commercialization. The new impurity rejection route is the first step towards resolving this issue. The results show that, the best neutralization performance is achieved at the nickel loss of 3.4wt% in the neutralization scheme that employs ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a nickel stabilizer (pH: 1.3–3.5; temperature: 95–70℃)     

Ore-proportioning optimization technique with high proportion of Yandi ore in sintering

The basic sintering characteristics of Yandi ore from Australia, including assimilation ability, liquid phase fluidity, self-strength of bonding phase, forming ability of silico ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA), and so on, were investigated in detail. Besides, the high temperature behavior and function of sintering were obtained. As a result, the techniques for ore-proportioning in sintering were obtained. The results show that Yandi ore possessing higher assimilation ability, better liquid phase fluidity, lower self-strength of bonding phase, and better forming ability of SFCA, should be mixed with iron ores whose properties are opposite to those of Yandi ore. In the optimization of sintering ore-proportioning, Yandi ore, whose price is relatively low, can be mixed as high as 40wt%.     

Particle simulation of the failure process of brittle rock under triaxial compression

In order to investigate the failure process of brittle rock under triaxial compression through both experimental and numerical approaches, the particle simulation method was used in numerical simulations and the simulated results were compared with those of the experiment. The numerical simulation results, such as fracture propagation, microcrack distribution, stress-strain response, and damage patterns, were discussed in detail. The simulated results under various confining pressures (0–60 MPa) are in good agreement with the experimental results. The simulated results reveal that rock failure is caused by axial splitting under uniaxial compression. As the confining pressure increases, rock failure occurs in a few localized shear planes and the rock mechanical behavior is changed from brittle to ductile. Consequently, the peak failure strength, microcrack numbers, and the shear plane angle increase, but the ratio of tensile to shear microcracks decreases. The damage formation during the compression simulations indicates that the particle simulation method can produce similar behaviors as those observed through laboratory compression tests.     

Longitudinal surface cracks of thin slabs

Based on the production practice of medium carbon thin slabs in the CSP plant, the reasons and influencing factors for the formation of longitudinal cracks were investigated, and some industrial measures were taken to eliminate the cracks. The results show that the efficient solutions to reduce longitudinal cracks are improving the performance of the mold powder, stabilizing the mold heat flux, and maintaining a proper taper of the mold during casting. Proper pouring temperature and secondary cooling also play important roles in preventing longitudinal surface cracks.     

Thermodynamic analysis on the formation mechanism of MgO·Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> spinel type inclusions in casing steel

MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel type inclusions in casing steel were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that there are three forms. One is pure MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel, another is the composite oxide of the Mg-Al-Ca-Si-O system, and the third is the complex with oxide as a core covered by sulfide. The formation mechanisms were studied. The influences of slag basicity and vacuum degree on the magnesium content during the vacuum treatment of molten steel and furnace lining in molten steel were calculated with the coexistence theory of slag structure. The results show that the magnesium content increases with the increase in slag basicity and aluminum content in molten steel, and decreases with the increase in CO partial pressure.     

Machining studies of die cast aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composites

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) with high specific stiffness, high strength, improved wear resistance, and thermal properties are being increasingly used in advanced structural, aerospace, automotive, electronics, and wear applications. Aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composites were developed using a new combination of the vortex method and the pressure die-casting technique in the present work. Machining studies were conducted on the aluminum alloy-silicon carbide (SiC) composite work pieces using high speed steel (HSS) end-mill tools in a milling machine at different speeds and feeds. The quantitative studies on the machined work piece show that the surface finish is better for higher speeds and lower feeds. The surface roughness of the plain aluminum alloy is better than that of the aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composites. The studies on tool wear show that flank wear increases with speed and feed. The end-mill tool wear is higher on machining the aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composites than on machining the plain aluminum alloy.     

中央扣对三塔悬索桥地震反应的影响

针对三塔悬索泰州长江大桥这一特殊桥型,基于Abaqus台建立了该桥的空间动力有限元模型并进行非线性动力分析.研究了地震作用下,缆梁间刚性中央扣对三塔悬索桥塔梁位移、塔柱内力以及塔梁间弹性拉索的影响.研究结果表明:中央扣对三塔悬索桥动力特性有不可忽视的影响;由于中央扣增强了缆梁间相互作用,在地震作用下,中塔横向位移与加劲梁跨中竖向位移均有所增加,中塔柱纵桥向剪力有所减小;中央扣限制了加劲梁纵向位移并减小了加劲梁对中塔下横梁的作用,但边塔柱底扭矩有所增加.     

面向虚拟装配操作的交与辅助技术

针对虚拟装配系统中装配操作精度和效率低的问题,本文提出了基于约束元素包围盒的装配意图捕捉方法,根据约束元素的特征参数和配合类型,将位姿变换分解为点到线上、点到面上和直线平行三种位姿变换情况,提出基于位姿变换元素分解的约束精确定位求解算法,并通过对零件自由度的求解和目标约束方向上的运动分量映射,实现了零件的装配运动引导。最后通过一个典型装配结构的实例给出了装配操作的交互辅助流程,验证了算法的有效性。该算法已应用到面向航天产品的桌面虚拟装配系统中。