BOTTLENECKS IN PRODUCTION NETWORKS： AN OVERVIEW

1. Introduction Performances of a production system, such as the throughput, the circle time and the average delay, etc., are affected by the capacities of machines and resources available in the system. Some of them may affect the system performances more than others. Usually, the limitation of a system can be traced to the limitation of one or two machines or one or two kinds of resources, commonly called bottlenecks. From system point of view, bottlenecks are the congestion points of the sy…     

导弹发射机械系统集成化智能故障诊断系统的设计与实现

本文针对导弹发射机械系统故障诊断问题，建立了一个集成化智能诊断系统（ＩＦＤＳＭＬ）。该系统采用以元系统为核心、并行分层的开放式集成化智能软件结构，在知识表达上采用面向对象的知识表达方法。该系统具有集成化、智能化和自动化的特点。     

容差参数的阵列天线综合法

本文研究了设计参数具有容差的阵列天线综合方法,给出了容差优化的数学模型和固定容差参数阵列天线的综合过程,并对容差优化的数学方法进行了讨论,最后给出了一计算例子。     

Analvsis on the Flora of Seed Plants in Lishan Nature Reserve,Shanxi

在标本采集、鉴定的基础上,结合相关文献资料,研究了山西历山国家级自然保护区野生种子植物区系组成及其地理成分.结果表明:历山保护区共有野生种子植物1 246种,分别隶属于111科499属,其中裸子植物4科5属8种,被子植物107科494属1 238种(双子叶植物93科399属1 040种,单子叶植物14科95属198种).温带分布成分占绝对优势,其中温带科28科,占总科数的25.23％;温带属337属,占总属数的76.94％,说明本区系具有明显的温带性质.热带科42科,占总科数的37.84％;热带属90属,占总属数的20.53％,表明本区系在发生发展过程中与热带成分相联系的历史渊源.种的分布区类型中,中国特有分布500种所占比例最大,其次是温带亚洲分布和东亚分布.     

Types and biotic successions of Ordovician reefs in China

Ordovician reefs are located in the South China,Tarim,and North China blocks,in low-latitude epicontinental marine regions and mostly consist of large-scale carbonate platforms.During the Paleozoic,faunal radiation reef biota diverged and thrived in diverse paleogeographic settings.Algal reefs of the Early Ordovician,Calathium-lithistid sponge-algal reefs of the late Early Ordovician to early Middle Ordovician,and coral-stromatoporoid-algal reefs of the early Late Ordovician,indicate change from Cambrian to Paleozoic biota.Coral-stromatoporoid-algal reefs were the basic communities after 100 Ma.The macroevolution of biotic struc-tures generally shows increased complexity;the evolution of China’s reef biota parallels that worldwide.Important aspects are:(1) The Calathium-algal reefs from the early Tremadocian Nantzinkuan Formation,Zhangjiajie,western Hunan are the pioneer reefs,and the Darriwillian Yijianfang Formation,Bachu are the relic reefs.(2) The bryozoan-dominated reefs of the late Tremadocian Fenhsiang Formation,Middle Yangtze Platform are unique.(3) The early coral-stromatoporoid-algal reefs are highly restricted in China.(4) The algal reefs from the latest Katian on the western margin of the Yangtze Platform,represent an abnormal reef-building environment during the initial stages of Gondwanan glaciations.     

A novel method for solving the multiple traveling salesmen problem with multiple depots

Multi-traveling salesman problem(MTSP) is an extension of traveling salesman problem,which is a famous NP hard problem,and can be used to solve many real world problems,such as railway transportation,routing and pipeline laying.In this paper,we analyze the general properties of MTSP,and find that the multiple depots and closed paths in the graph is a big issue for MTSP.Thus,a novel method is presented to solve it.We transform a complicated graph into a simplified one firstly,then an effective algorithm is proposed to solve the MTSP based on the simplified results.In addition,we also propose a method to optimize the general results by using 2-OPT.Simulation results show that our method can find the global solution for MTSP efficiently.     

An efficient scheme for multi-party quantum state sharing via non-maximally entangled states

We present a new scheme for investigating the usefulness of non-maximally entangled states for multi-party quantum state shar-ing in a simple and elegant manner.In our scheme,the sender,Alice shares n various probabilistic channels composed of non-maximally entangled states with n agents in a network.Our protocol involves only Bell-basis measurements,single qubit measurements,and a two-qubit unitary transformation operated by free optional agents.Our scheme is a more convenient realiza-tion because no other multipartite joint measurements are needed.Furthermore,in our scheme various probabilistic channels lessen the requirement for quantum channels,which makes it more practical for physical implementation.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and tectonic implications for Indosinian granitoids of southern Zhuguangshan granitic composite,South China

The large southern Zhuguangshan granitic batholith composite consists of granites with ages varying from the Caledonian through Indosinian to Yanshanian. Based on K-Ar dating data, the ages of the major parts of this composite were previously regarded as Yanshanian. In this study, the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating method has been adopted for six plutons, Ledong, Longhuashan, Dawozi, Zhaidi, Baiyun and Jiangnan, in the southern Zhuguangshan composite, in which the four plutons other than Baiyun and Jiangnan were previously regarded as Yanshanian granites. Magmatic zircons from these six plutons, dated by this study, have yielded ages of 239±5 Ma (MSWD = 2.5), 239±5 Ma (MSWD = 2.5), 239±2 Ma (MSWD = 1.7), 239±4 Ma (MSWD = 3.2), 231±2 Ma (MSWD = 0.81) and 231±3 Ma (MSWD = 1.8), respectively. The results indicate that these plutons were formed by early Indosinian magmatism. Geochemical characteristics suggest that these granites were formed in an extensional tectonic environment. Therefore, the Indosinian period granites in the southern Zhuguangshan composite were formed by partial melting of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic crustal components during the collapse of thickened lithosphere after the collision between the South China and Indosinian plates.     

Comparison of different triolein-based composite semipermeable membranes for passive sampling of organochlorine pesticides

Passive sampling methods have been widely used for more than 20 years because they can provide information on time-weighted average concentrations(CTWA) of hydrophobic organic contaminants in water.Many factors affect the efficiency and applicability of a passive sampling process.Among others,selection of the sampler design and choice of the supporting membrane material are important factors that determine the performance of passive samplers.In this work,the influences of some critical properties of membranes,such as membrane density,hydrophilicity of the membrane surface,and chemical and mechanical resistances,on the uptake of organic chlorinated pesticides(OCPs) were evaluated.Four membrane materials,namely cellulose acetate(CA),cellulose acetate butyrate(CAB),a cellulose acetate-cellulose triacetate blend(CA-CTA),and cellulose triacetate(CTA),and their triolein-embedded samplers were selected for the study.The four membranes are all hydrophilic;CAB has the highest contact angle and CA has the lowest.CTA is chemically and mechanically resistant,and has better tensile strength than the other membranes have.CAB does not have good chemical resistance and dissolves in hexane/dichloromethane solvent.CA and CTA alone showed lower uptake rates for the selected OCPs than with triolein-embedded passive samplers,indicating that triolein increased the accumulation capacity.Triolein-embedded CA(TECAM),CA-CTA(TECA-CTA),CTA(TECTA),and CAB(TECAB) as passive samplers showed similar uptake patterns;TECTA showed the highest uptake rates and TECAB showed the poorest accumulation.In summary,TECTA gave the best performance among all the tested composite semipermeable membranes.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> measurement of PM<Subscript>1</Subscript> organic aerosol in Beijing winter using a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer

Organic aerosol (OA) is a crucial component of atmospheric fine particles. To achieve a better understanding of the chemical characteristics and sources of OA in Beijing, the size-resolved chemical composition of submicron aerosols were measured in-situ using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer in the winter of 2010, with a high time resolution of 5 min. During this study, the mean OA mass concentration was 20.9±25.3 μg/m3, varying between 1.9 and 284.6 μg/m3. Elemental analysis showed that the average H/C, O/C and N/C (molar ratio) were 1.70, 0.17, and 0.005, respectively, corresponding to an OM/OC ratio (mass ratio of organic matter to organic carbon) of 1.37. The average mass-based size distributions of OA present a promi- nent accumulation mode peaking at approximately 450 nm. The prominent presence of ultrafine particles (Dva < 100 nm) was mainly from the fresh emissions of combustion sources. A Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) analysis of the organic mass spectral dataset differentiated the OA into three components, including hydrocarbon-like (HOA), cooking-related (COA), and oxygenated (OOA) organic aerosols, which, on average, accounted for 26.9%, 49.7% and 23.4%, respectively, of the total organic mass. The HOA and COA likely corresponded to primary organic aerosol (POA) associated with combustion-related and cooking emissions, respectively, and the OOA components corresponded to aged secondary organic aerosol (SOA).