Molecular mapping of QTLs for root response to phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in the soil is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit plant growth and crop productivity throughout the world. Development of cultivars with improved P-deficiency tolerance is an efficient strategy for sustainable agriculture. Plant roots play an important role in crop growth and development, especially in nutrient uptake and improvement of P-efficiency. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for root traits and their response to low P stress at seedling stage will facilitate the development of P-efficient wheat cultivars. In this study, 30 QTLs (LOD>2.0) were mapped for the three root traits, such as root length, root number and root dry matter under different P supply conditions and their response to P-stress. These QTLs were distributed on 14 chromosomes, with each of the 5 QTLs explaining more than 10% phenotype variance. Analyses showed that root traits and their response to P-deficiency were controlled by different QTLs. In addition, alleles with positive effects were separated on both parents, and wheat cultivars with improved P-efficiency could be developed by accumulating these positive effect alleles together.     

三并列方柱风荷载特性的试验研究

研究了三并列正方形截面柱体在不同地貌下的动态风荷载和局部风压分布特性。结果显示，对称并列布置的两个柱体可以显著地干扰并增大被扰结构的动力荷载，在B类地貌下且间距比为3．2时，可以使横风向和顺风向响应基底弯矩的干扰因子分别增至4．56和1．36，并且并列三柱体间的干扰效应明显高于双柱体并列的情况。在B类地貌下，三柱体配置的横风向和顺风向响应基底弯矩的干扰因子值要比相应双柱体并列布置的分别高出109％和6％。粗糙化地貌的高湍流度气流对结构的旋涡脱落有明显的干扰作用，故在高湍流度流场，相应的干扰因子大大降低，但在D类地貌中，试验观测到的横风向和顺风向响应基底弯矩的干扰因子仍分别有1．66和1．12。     

氯化镁、氯化钙太阳池热稳定系数的测定

本文通过对氯化镁和氯化钙水溶液的密度、粘滞系数、比热容、导热系数的测定和盐扩散系数的计算，得到了以这两种盐为工质的太阳池热稳定系数，从而使该两种太阳池的稳定性得以简便地监测和控制     

基于遗传算法和BP算法的混合算法

本文就函数优化问题,结合遗传算法和 BP 算法的优点,提出一种新的混合算法。该算法既有较快的收敛速度又能以较大概率收敛到全局最优解,数值实验结果表明该算法显著优于遗传算法和 BP 算法。     

Exploring Attack Graphs for Security Risk Assessment: A Probabilistic Approach

The attack graph methodology can be used to identify the potential attack paths that an attack can propagate. A risk assessment model based on Bayesian attack graph is presented in this paper. Firstly, attack graphs are generated by the MULVAL (Multi-host, Multistage Vulnerability Analysis) tool according to sufficient information of vulnerabilities, network configurations and host connectivity on networks. Secondly, the probabilistic attack graph is established according to the causal relationships among sophisticated multi-stage attacks by using Bayesian Networks. The probability of successful exploits is calculated by combining index of the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, and the static security risk is assessed by applying local conditional probability distribution tables of the attribute nodes. Finally, the overall security risk in a small network scenario is assessed. Experimental results demonstrate our work can deduce attack intention and potential attack paths effectively, and provide effective guidance on how to choose the optimal security hardening strategy.     

铜对紫云英根系生长发育的影响

就铜对紫云英根系生长发育状况的影响进行试验研究,结果表明：铜不但影响紫云英主胚根的伸长、侧根的生长,而且能与根细胞中物质发生化学反应,使根不能直立生长,颜色由白转褐,加速了根的老化和死亡。通过根系中铜含量分析,我们还发现根中铜含量随外源Ｃｕ浓度增大而增加,增长曲线上有缓冲区和突变区,说明紫云英对铜的毒害有一定的缓冲能力和忍耐力,且随着紫云英植株的发育成熟,其缓冲力增强。     

数字图像相关的不锈钢真实应力应变关系测量

工程上广泛应用的名义应力应变曲线,在材料发生大变形时,由于应力和应变不再沿着试件均匀分布,因而不能真实反映材料在塑性阶段的本构关系。在不锈钢标准板的拉伸试验中连续采集试件散斑表面的数字图像,采用数字图像相关技术对序列数字图像进行相关运算以获得其每个变形状态下的变形场,得到了整个拉伸过程中试件的变形形态。以光学虚拟引伸计的方法分别测量横向和竖向的实时应变数据,结合体积不变理论计算得到真实应力应变曲线。采用Johnson-Cook材料模型对真实应力应变曲线进行拟合,得到了塑性本构关系;最后根据以上实验结果和真实应力应变曲线获取了材料的力学特性参数。实验结果表明了基于数字图像相关方法对不锈钢真实应力应变关系测量的有效性和可靠性,对实验结果的真实应力应变曲线后处理,获得不锈钢材料的弹性模量为169 GPa,屈服强度为236.8 MPa,并获得了Johnson-Cook简化模型的所有三个参数A、B和n的数值。     

基于映射方法的动态GIS地图符号设计研究

GIS地图符号是地图的语言,是GIS可视化的主要载体,通过动态GIS地图符号表现地理实体特征的变化是时态GIS可视化的重要途径。基于科学计算可视化的映射理论,对GIS地图符号视觉变量与地理要素属性进行分析,构建基于时间约束的要素属性与GIS地图符号视觉变量的映射方法,以此为基础,设计出动态GIS地图符号的设计框架和应用方法,并通过SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics)验证该方法的可行性。     

再生混凝土空心砌块墙体的抗震性能

通过对3片不同竖向荷载作用下的再生混凝土空心砌块墙体进行水平低周反复荷载试验,考察了墙体的受力性能、破坏机理及承载能力,分析了其滞回特性、骨架曲线、延性、耗能等抗震性能.研究结果表明:再生混凝土空心砌块墙体在无竖向荷载的情况下,破坏时的裂缝数量较少,主裂缝明显;在施加竖向荷载的情况下,破坏时无明显主裂缝,结构受力均匀.墙体的滞回曲线较饱满,延性较好,耗能能力较强,抗震性能良好.试验墙体的刚度退化趋势大致相同,墙体的初始刚度较大,开裂后刚度退化迅速.     

混合整数两层线性规划的一个代理约束方法

本文介绍了混合整数两层线性规划问题，引入代理约束，构造计算简单的定界函数，提出一个分支定界算法，并给出算例说明算法是有效的。