草坪草常见病害的发生与防治

概述了我国暖季型和冷季型草坪草的常见病害发生及防治研究状况,介绍并比较了草坪病害的多种防治方法,提出了可持续控制草坪草病害的设想。     

变电构架有凹陷损伤的圆钢管轴压杆件受力特点研究

以受损伤的圆钢管杆件为研究对象,采用数值积分方法研究其在一般受损条件下的轴压极限承载力的变化情况.讨论了不同损伤情况对杆件稳定承载力的影响.总结了这类杆件承载能力特点.为变电构架的可靠性提供理论依据,所得结论可供设计人员参考.     

浅谈高校后勤改革中的与时俱进

在高等教育改革体系中,高校后勤改革已成为社会热点和高校改革工作的重点之一．高校后勤的改革必须从认识、服务、管理、环境等方面与时俱进,从实际出发,科学定位．     

氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化溶藻菌的除藻作用

为了探讨氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化溶藻菌后对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻作用和降解微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)的作用,从太湖水体中分离获得一株属于芽孢杆菌属的溶藻菌,将其与氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化后,以普通Fe2O3作为实验对照,测定其溶藻作用和降解MC-LR作用.以激光粒度仪测定氧化铁纳米颗粒与溶藻菌两者单独和同时存在时的粒径大小及粒径分布,以获得氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化溶藻菌的证据.分析结果表明:在太湖水体中分离获得的一株芽孢杆菌具有较强的溶藻和降解MC-LR的作用,作用24 h后的溶藻率和MC-LR降解率分别达到44.3%和20.5%.同时加入氧化铁纳米颗粒后,溶藻率达到53.0%,MC-LR的降解率达到33.0%.激光粒度仪检测发现,氧化铁纳米颗粒与细菌混合后的颗粒物的平均直径增加到氧化铁纳米颗粒的12.3倍,同时氧化铁纳米颗粒和细菌单独存在时的粒径分布峰消失.氧化铁纳米颗粒是一种具有良好性能的生物固定化材料,可能通过其特有的途径有效地固定化溶藻菌,并增强溶藻菌的溶藻和降解藻毒素作用.     

Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Maize HapMap2 identifies extant variation from a genome in flux

Whereas breeders have exploited diversity in maize for yield improvements, there has been limited progress in using beneficial alleles in undomesticated varieties. Characterizing standing variation in this complex genome has been challenging, with only a small fraction of it described to date. Using a population genetics scoring model, we identified 55 million SNPs in 103 lines across pre-domestication and domesticated Zea mays varieties, including a representative from the sister genus Tripsacum. We find that structural variations are pervasive in the Z. mays genome and are enriched at loci associated with important traits. By investigating the drivers of genome size variation, we find that the larger Tripsacum genome can be explained by transposable element abundance rather than an allopolyploid origin. In contrast, intraspecies genome size variation seems to be controlled by chromosomal knob content. There is tremendous overlap in key gene content in maize and Tripsacum, suggesting that adaptations from Tripsacum (for example, perennialism and frost and drought tolerance) can likely be integrated into maize.     

基于NVH性能的排气系统悬挂点位置设计

基于平均驱动自由度位移（ADDOFD）理论,同时考虑车身侧与排气系统侧的NVH性能,以及各阶模态频率的不同权值的影响,对某车型排气系统吊点位置进行优化布置,并对布置吊点后的排气系统做声学稳健性分析。实际应用表明该设计方法能对汽车排气系统悬挂点选择提供可行性参考建议,在整车开发的初期,有效预测和控制车身结构的NVH性能。     

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and its stability

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for the disease cystic fibrosis (CF). It is a membrane protein belonging to the ABC transporter family functioning as a chloride/anion channel in epithelial cells around the body. There are over 1500 mutations that have been characterised as CF-causing; the most common of these, accounting for ~70 % of CF cases, is the deletion of a phenylalanine at position 508. This leads to instability of the nascent protein and the modified structure is recognised and then degraded by the ER quality control mechanism. However, even pharmacologically ‘rescued’ F508del CFTR displays instability at the cell’s surface, losing its channel function rapidly and it is rapidly removed from the plasma membrane for lysosomal degradation. This review will, therefore, explore the link between stability and structure/function relationships of membrane proteins and CFTR in particular and how approaches to study CFTR structure depend on its stability. We will also review the application of a fluorescence labelling method for the assessment of the thermostability and the tertiary structure of CFTR.     

基于AGPS和GSM的混合定位系统终端软件设计

针对目前汽车定位监控系统中GPS定位精度低、时间长的问题,提出了一种基于AGPS和GSM／GPRS设计的混合定位车载终端设计方案,实现了单次定位、连续定位、电量查询、电量告警等功能,大大缩短了定位时间。传统的GPS定位技术启动时间长,耗电较高,在室内很难收到卫星发回的GPS信号。本混合定位系统主要有四部分：车载定位终端、主控调度服务器、SiRF公司的定位服务器,接入服务器的多用户组成。冷启动时,本终端在用户发出定位指令后大约40S内即可迅速完成定位,首次捕获GPS信号的时间仅需几秒,连续定位可以持续上千次,大大提高了响应速度和用户体验度。     

电催化析氧反应过渡金属硫化物催化剂研究进展

析氧反应（oxygen evolution reaction, OER）、析氢反应（hydrogen evolution reaction, HER）和氧还原反应（oxygen reduction reaction, ORR）为电解水、金属-空气电池等能源器件的半反应。其中,OER由于涉及4e^-转移和O-O键的形成而导致反应动力学迟缓和过电势高,因此,开发优异的OER电催化剂能够有效提高能量转换效率。到目前为止,过渡金属硫化物催化剂（transition metal sulfide catalysts, TMSs）被研究人员大量研究和报道,并且取得飞跃发展。介绍在不同电解质中的OER机制,并通过对近几年相关文献的综合归纳,探究TMSs催化剂的组成、导电性、质子传输、缺陷程度、界面化学等多种因素对OER的影响。综述目前过渡金属硫化物电催化剂在OER领域所面临的挑战和研究进展,希望为TMSs的研究者提供借鉴。