Gough-Stewart并联机器人刚体动力学模型

综合采用拉格朗日方程和牛顿-欧拉公式推导了Gough-Stewart并联机器人机构逆动力学模型的封闭解形式.通过选择合适的分支广义坐标,简化了拉格朗日函数对广义坐标的偏导求解,得到了求导矩阵的解析表达式.分析了分支角速度、角加速度轴向分量对机构动力学的影响,仿真结果表明：当机构运动加速度及分支轴向惯量较小时,可以忽略该...     

Inferring nonlinear mantle rheology from the shape of the Hawaiian swell

The convective circulation generated within the Earth's mantle by buoyancy forces of thermal and compositional origin is intimately controlled by the rheology of the rocks that compose it. These can deform either by the diffusion of point defects (diffusion creep, with a linear relationship between strain rate and stress) or by the movement of intracrystalline dislocations (nonlinear dislocation creep). However, there is still no reliable map showing where in the mantle each of these mechanisms is dominant, and so it is important to identify regions where the operative mechanism can be inferred directly from surface geophysical observations. Here we identify a new observable quantity--the rate of downstream decay of the anomalous seafloor topography (swell) produced by a mantle plume--which depends only on the value of the exponent in the strain rate versus stress relationship that defines the difference between diffusion and dislocation creep. Comparison of the Hawaiian swell topography with the predictions of a simple fluid mechanical model shows that the swell shape is poorly explained by diffusion creep, and requires a dislocation creep rheology. The rheology predicted by the model is reasonably consistent with laboratory deformation data for both olivine and clinopyroxene, suggesting that the source of Hawaiian lavas could contain either or both of these components.     

Pervasive roles of microRNAs in cardiovascular biology

First recognized as regulators of development in worms and fruitflies, microRNAs are emerging as pivotal modulators of mammalian cardiovascular development and disease. Individual microRNAs modulate the expression of collections of messenger RNA targets that often have related functions, thereby governing complex biological processes. The wideranging functions of microRNAs in the cardiovascular system have provided new perspectives on disease mechanisms and have revealed intriguing therapeutic targets, as well as diagnostics, for a variety of cardiovascular disorders.     

Fault lubrication during earthquakes

The determination of rock friction at seismic slip rates (about 1?m?s(-1)) is of paramount importance in earthquake mechanics, as fault friction controls the stress drop, the mechanical work and the frictional heat generated during slip. Given the difficulty in determining friction by seismological methods, elucidating constraints are derived from experimental studies. Here we review a large set of published and unpublished experiments (～300) performed in rotary shear apparatus at slip rates of 0.1-2.6?m?s(-1). The experiments indicate a significant decrease in friction (of up to one order of magnitude), which we term fault lubrication, both for cohesive (silicate-built, quartz-built and carbonate-built) rocks and non-cohesive rocks (clay-rich, anhydrite, gypsum and dolomite gouges) typical of crustal seismogenic sources. The available mechanical work and the associated temperature rise in the slipping zone trigger a number of physicochemical processes (gelification, decarbonation and dehydration reactions, melting and so on) whose products are responsible for fault lubrication. The similarity between (1) experimental and natural fault products and (2) mechanical work measures resulting from these laboratory experiments and seismological estimates suggests that it is reasonable to extrapolate experimental data to conditions typical of earthquake nucleation depths (7-15?km). It seems that faults are lubricated during earthquakes, irrespective of the fault rock composition and of the specific weakening mechanism involved.     

二氧化碳在转炉炼钢中的应用研究

对炼钢温度下CO2与熔池元素的反应机理进行了研究,并进行了相关热力学和动力学分析.利用30 t转炉进行顶底复吹CO2气体的炼钢工艺试验.试验结果表明:采用顶底复吹CO2试验炉次烟尘量减少了11.15%,烟尘TFe降低了12.98%,炉渣铁损降低了3.10%,试验终点钢液中[N]、[P]含量分别降低了50%和23.33%.转炉顶底复吹CO2气体炼钢工艺是完全可行的,为转炉炼钢节能降耗提供了新方法.     

多自由度非线性结构参数识别的鲁棒性研究

由于多自由度非线性结构参数识别是反问题,其解具有不确定性,为提高识别效率及识别结果的精度,基于序列二次规划法并通过数值试验分析研究影响参数识别鲁棒性能的各个因素.研究结果表明:噪声不影响识别效率但影响识别结果精度;基于时域信息构建优化目标函数时,时程长度影响识别效率和识别结果的精度,一般时程长度选取8倍结构基本周期时能取得较好效果;在描述非线性力学行为时,Bouc-Wen模型相比双线性模型适应性更强,具有更好的识别效果;非线性结构在激励强度较大情况下识别得到的参数值更具可靠性;对相关性较弱参数,可通过分步骤识别,减小参数识别数量,从而提高参数识别效率.     

雪崩光电二极管反向偏压电路设计及仿真

为解决雪崩光电二极管正常工作时需要的直流反向偏压问题, 提出了利用电感式升压电路的设计方法。该方法利用开关管、 单电感、 电容、 电阻对5 V直流电进行升压, 结合555芯片组成的压控振荡器产生频率信号, 控制开关管的导通与关断, 并利用反馈电路控制压控振荡器的频率, 同时采用Multisim9进行仿真。仿真结果表明, 当输入电压为5V时, 输出电压为160.096 V且保持稳定不变, 解决了雪崩光电二极管在正常工作时需要在阴极加上很高直流反向偏压的问题。     

中小型图书馆个性化信息服务刍议

分析了中小型图书馆个性化信息服务存在的思想重视不足、投入不足、读者个性化需求不明显等问题,探讨了中小型图书馆个性化信息服务的对策,包括思想重视、网络保障、强化宣传、优化人员结构等。     

旋转锯切过程中摩擦引起工件振动规律的确定

通过对旋转锯切过程中工件受力及摩擦引起振动机理的研究分析, 建立了摩擦引起工件粘滑振动的运动方程, 确定了工件粘滑运动的规律, 讨论分析了工件粘滑振动时的位移、速度、加速度及作用力随时间的变化趋势, 并对工件粘滑振动的幅值及周期进行了预估。以φ１６５０冷锯机锯切０．０６×０．０６ｍ ２ 方钢为例, 对所建理论进行了验证。此项研究成果可为进一步降低锯切过程的振动噪声及提高锯机的效率提供理论依据。