玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液两种脱毒方法的研究

以玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液为原料,研究了减压蒸发和络合萃取两种脱毒方法对乙酸等抑制物的去除情况。结果表明:玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液减压蒸发脱毒,糠醛完全被去除,而5-羟甲基糠醛则基本不能被去除;当水解液浓缩5.80倍时,其浓缩液中乙酸质量浓度和去除率分别为4.06 g/L和60.45%。络合萃取脱毒的最佳条件:络合萃取剂的组成为30%三烷基胺+50%正辛醇+20%煤油,油水相比2∶1,温度25℃,时间60 min,此时脱毒液中乙酸质量浓度和去除率分别为1.43 g/L和52.33%,糠醛完全被去除,5-羟甲基糠醛的去除率为27.78%。     

马尾松二代育种群体生长和开花结实性状

对马尾松二代核心育种群体内亲本无性系的树高、胸径等生长性状及开花量、结实量等生殖性状进行了全面调查和分析。51个马尾松二代亲本无性系7年生时平均树高、胸径和材积分别为5.53 m、9.05 cm和0.021 m3,各生长性状在无性系之间的差异显著,各性状的无性系重复力较高。对进入开花结实盛期的39个无性系调查发现,开花量、结实量等生殖性状在不同亲本无性系之间的变异程度比生长性状的高。基于主要生长性状、生殖性状,将39个亲本无性系聚在4个类群内,不同类群存在显著性状差异:类群1生长性状总体较优,雌球花、球果量也较多;类群2生长性状总体较差,开花、球果量也较少;类群3生长性状较优、雄球花数量较多,但雌球花、球果数量较少;类群4生长性状总体较差,但雌球花、球果数多。无性系的雌球花、球果数与生长量呈弱度负相关,因而在选择杂交亲本或种子园建园亲本时,有必要在开展亲本配合力测评的同时,开展亲本的多性状选择,选出28个生长、生殖性状较为均衡(生长量、开花结实量均在中等或中等以上)的无性系,其单株雄球花数、球果数和单株材积分别比参试群体均值高18.2%,8.0%和9.6%。可将这些无性系作为候选优良亲本,结合亲本配合力的测评,从中选择优良的杂交亲本及二代种子园的建园材料。     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

基于AHP的滨海潜在旅游资源评价——以福清市东壁岛旅游度假区为例

基于滨海潜在旅游资源的特点,按照实用性、综合性、代表性、科学性、可操作性的原则,采用AHP法(层次分析法)构建滨海潜在旅游资源评价体系,对潜在旅游资源进行定量分析,然后采用该评价体系对福清市东壁岛旅游度假区进行评价,旨在验证该评价体系的可行性和促进潜在旅游资源的开发发展提供参考.     

The unusual minimum of sunspot cycle 23 caused by meridional plasma flow variations

Direct observations over the past four centuries show that the number of sunspots observed on the Sun's surface varies periodically, going through successive maxima and minima. Following sunspot cycle 23, the Sun went into a prolonged minimum characterized by a very weak polar magnetic field and an unusually large number of days without sunspots. Sunspots are strongly magnetized regions generated by a dynamo mechanism that recreates the solar polar field mediated through plasma flows. Here we report results from kinematic dynamo simulations which demonstrate that a fast meridional flow in the first half of a cycle, followed by a slower flow in the second half, reproduces both characteristics of the minimum of sunspot cycle 23. Our model predicts that, in general, very deep minima are associated with weak polar fields. Sunspots govern the solar radiative energy and radio flux, and, in conjunction with the polar field, modulate the solar wind, the heliospheric open flux and, consequently, the cosmic ray flux at Earth.     

剪切闸板防喷器剪切性能评价

剪切闸板防喷器是井控设备的重要组成部分之一,其作用是在钻井过程中遇到突发情况时及时剪断钻杆并密封井口,其剪切性能直接关系到钻井作业的安全.以某新型上直下V结构的剪切闸板防喷器为研究对象,通过显示动力学模块对剪切闸板剪切钻杆的过程进行数值仿真模拟,分析研究闸板的剪切性能.并用该剪切闸板分别剪切5 in和5.5 in两种不...     

Engineering of multiferroic BiFeO3 grain boundaries with head-to-head polarization configurations

Confined low dimensional charges with high density such as two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at interfaces and charged domain walls in ferroelectrics show gre...     

河南省地质现象的旅游资源化和效益化过程

地质旅游资源是一种新型的、合乎现代时尚的旅游资源.地质旅游资源的开发是一项系统工程.河南省具有十分丰富的地质现象,相应的也具有十分丰富的地质旅游资源.河南地质旅游资源的开发要完成两个转变:一是从地质现象转化为地质旅游资源——即资源化过程;二是把地质旅游资源转化为经济效益——即效益化过程.作者提出了资源化过程的原则和方法以及效益化过程的两步开发战略.     

On the mechanism of inhibition of p27 degradation by 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J 2 in lymphoblasts of Alzheimer’s disease patients

It has been proposed that neuroinflammation, among other factors, may trigger an aberrant neuronal cell cycle re-entry leading to neuronal death. Cell cycle disturbances are also detectable in peripheral cells from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We previously reported that the anti-inflammatory 15- deoxy-Δ^12,14-prostaglandin J ₂ (15d-PGJ ₂) increased the cellular content of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, in lymphoblasts from AD patients. This work aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of 15d-PGJ ₂-induced p27 accumulation. Phosphorylation, half-life, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic traffic of p27 protein were altered by 15d-PGJ2 by mechanisms dependent on PI3K/Akt activity. 15d-PGJ ₂ prevents the calmodulin-dependent Akt overactivation in AD lymphoblasts by blocking its binding to the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of PI3K. These effects of 15d-PGJ ₂ were not mimicked by 9,10-dihydro-15-deoxy-Δ^12,14- prostaglandin J ₂, suggesting that 15d-PGJ ₂ acts independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation and that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group in the cyclopentenone ring of 15d-PGJ ₂ is a requisite for the observed effects. Received 14 July 2008; received after revision 2 September 2008; accepted 12 September 2008     

聚氨酯材料在生物医学中的研究进展

聚氨酯是一种合成的高分子化合物,有较好的机械性能、高弹性和理想的生物相容性,被广泛地用于生物医学领域。本文综述了聚氨酯在凝胶材料、弹性体材料、膜材料以及抗菌材料等方面的研究现状及应用前景。