声波法直埋热水供热管道泄漏检测定位

为快速诊断供热管网泄漏,提升供热管网运行安全,搭建了供热管道泄漏检测与定位的试验台,采用加速度传感器进行声波测量,研究供热管道不同运行压力、温度、泄漏孔径、漏点位置等对供热管道泄漏声波特性与漏点定位的影响。结果表明:供热管道未泄漏时背景噪声能量集中在0~1000Hz,泄漏后的声波能量集中在1200~2400Hz和3200~4000Hz范围。管内压力和泄漏孔径增大后,泄漏声波信号幅值增大,信号能量增强,高频段能量占比增加,漏点定位精度提高;而温度升高后,泄漏声波信号幅值减小,信号能量减弱,低频段能量占比增加,漏点定位精度下降;漏点相对位置对漏点定位精度影响小,带通滤波处理后,漏点定位精度明显提高。     

基于电磁场合矢量的陷落柱三维模拟及其探测

为了了解瞬变电磁场在含水陷落柱中的传播过程及电磁场响应特征,为瞬变电磁法超前探测掘进头前方的含水区提供理论支撑。建立矿井全空间含水陷落柱的地球物理模型,采用基于Yee网格的三维时域有限差分算法,模拟了电磁场的扩散过程,分析了在含水陷落柱影响下的全空间瞬变电磁场的时空分布特征,对电磁场某一方向上的分量进行了分析,并首次基于电场合矢量进行了详细描述,分析了电场合矢量的传播规律及响应特征,最后通过数值模型算例以及实际应用来验证瞬变电磁法探测含水陷落柱的有效性和适用性。结果表明：数值模拟采用适合瞬变电磁场计算的CPML(卷积完全匹配层)边界进行求解,可以减弱截断边界对计算结果的影响;模拟过程中含水低阻体能够显著地影响瞬变电磁场扩散过程,随着感应电场向上下空间不断地扩散,由于电场EX、Ey和Ez至少有两个极值的存在,若电场的畸变较小时,变化情况容易被淹没,一定程度上影响了异常体位置的准确判定,说明仅利用单一方向场量不利于分析低阻异常体的确切范围;而用合矢量来描述电磁场的扩散过程,感应电场合矢量仅有一个极大值,位于图形中心,感应电场此时已经到达低阻陷落柱内部,电场的分布受到陷落柱的的显著影响,用合矢量来描述电磁波的扩散情况,可精确分析出异常体的位置,更能体现低阻体的电性、形态、位置等特征;实际应用也表明瞬变电磁法不仅可以探测到掘进头前方的含水陷落柱,还可以确定其方位和距离,说明数值模拟和实际应用都表明瞬变电磁法是探查含水陷落柱的有效方法之一。     

耳萝卜螺胚胎发育的初步观察

采用定时取样 ,间断观察的方法 ,对耳萝卜螺胚胎发育的形态特征进行了观察。发现耳萝卜螺的胚胎发育过程分 7个时期 :卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、担轮幼虫期、面盘幼虫期、幼螺形成期和孵化期。对各期的外部形态特征进行了描述 ,并绘制了各期形态图 ,记录了各期发育所经历的时间     

小型农用运输车驾驶平顺性分析

为适应当今对农用车舒适性及环保的要求 ,本文就路面不平度造成驾驶座椅垂直振动这一影响驾驶舒适性的主要因素进行分析 ,建立了振动模型 ,并对结构参数进行优化计算 ,结果可与国际标准ISO2 631进行比较评介。     

负重轮橡胶轮缘有限元分析及力学特性拟合

采用均匀设计法,选取履带车辆负重轮橡胶轮缘的２４组不同几何参数,建立橡胶轮缘的三维有限元分析模型,用ＡＮＳＹＳ有限元分析软件计算橡胶轮缘的位移,应力和应变分布情况,最后对橡胶轮缘的最大径向位移,应力和应变进行多元线性回归。得到了橡胶轮缘的最大径向位移,应力和应变随７个影响因素的拟合特性,试验验证表明,所得拟合公式有实用价值。     

复合岩石损伤本构方程与实验

大量沉积岩样的电镜与岩相微观研究表明,岩石是由含不同形态的晶体和孔隙构成,由此建立岩石微结构损伤模型。进而导出了各自损伤演化过程、力学参数、有效应力、不等围压等因素的多层复合岩石三维非线性损伤本构方程及损伤演化方程。实验结果表明,二者吻合良好。     

关于有限幂零群共轭类数的一个注记

<正> 本注记的目的是纠正Sherman在文献[1]中的第二个定理,该定理说:“设G是阶为p1r1p2r2…psrs的n类幂零群,则其中诸pi是互异素数,且ti=max{1,ri-1}。该定理中的第二节不等式     

Inorganic polyphosphate induces accelerated tube formation of HUVEC endothelial cells

In this study, the effect of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) on the initial phase of angiogenesis and vascularization was investigated, applying the HUVEC cell tube formation assay. PolyP is a physiological and high energy phosphate polymer which has been proposed to act as a metabolic fuel in the extracellular space with only a comparably low ATP content. The experiments revealed that polyP accelerates tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), seeded onto a solidified basement membrane extract matrix which contains polyP-metabolizing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. This effect is abolished by co-addition of apyrase, which degrades ATP to AMP and inorganic phosphate. The assumption that ATP, derived from polyP, activates HUVEC cells leading to tube formation was corroborated by experiments showing that addition of polyP to the cells causes a strong rise of ATP level in the culture medium. Finally, we show that at a later stage of cultivation of HUVEC cells, after 3 d, polyP causes a strong enhancement of the expression of the genes encoding for the two major matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) released by endothelial cells during tube formation, MMP-9 and MMP-2. This stimulatory effect is again abrogated by addition of apyrase together with polyP. From these results, we propose that polyP is involved either directly or indirectly in energy supply, via ALP-mediated transfer of energy-rich phosphate under ATP formation. This ATP is utilized for the activation and oriented migration of endothelial cells and for the matrix organization during the initial phases of tube formation.     

Identification of common variants associated with human hippocampal and intracranial volumes

Identifying genetic variants influencing human brain structures may reveal new biological mechanisms underlying cognition and neuropsychiatric illness. The volume of the hippocampus is a biomarker of incipient Alzheimer's disease and is reduced in schizophrenia, major depression and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Whereas many brain imaging phenotypes are highly heritable, identifying and replicating genetic influences has been difficult, as small effects and the high costs of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have led to underpowered studies. Here we report genome-wide association meta-analyses and replication for mean bilateral hippocampal, total brain and intracranial volumes from a large multinational consortium. The intergenic variant rs7294919 was associated with hippocampal volume (12q24.22; N = 21,151; P = 6.70 × 10(-16)) and the expression levels of the positional candidate gene TESC in brain tissue. Additionally, rs10784502, located within HMGA2, was associated with intracranial volume (12q14.3; N = 15,782; P = 1.12 × 10(-12)). We also identified a suggestive association with total brain volume at rs10494373 within DDR2 (1q23.3; N = 6,500; P = 5.81 × 10(-7)).     

Impaired apoptosis in lymphoblasts from Alzheimer’s disease patients: Cross-talk of Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript>/calmodulin and ERK1/2 signaling pathways

We have analyzed the intracellular signals that allow lymphoblasts from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients to escape from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. The following observations suggested that modulation of ERK1/2 activity by Ca²⁺/calmodulin (CaM) is involved in preventing apoptosis: (i) ERK1/2 activity seems to support lethality in control cells, as PD98059, the inhibitor of the activating MEK prevented cell death; (ii) control cells show a persistent and higher stimulation of ERK1/2 than that of AD cells in the absence of serum; (iii) CaM antagonists have no effects on control cells, but sensitize AD cells to death induced by serum withdrawal and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and (iv) no apoptotic effects of CaM antagonists were observed in AD cells treated with PD98059. These results suggest the existence of an activation threshold of the ERK1/2 pathway setting by Ca²⁺/CaM-dependent mechanisms, which appears to be the critical factor controlling cell survival or death decision under trophic factor withdrawal. F. Bartolomé, N. de las Cuevas: These authors contributed equally to this work. Received 14 February 2007; received after revision 16 April 2007; accepted 23 April 2007