A new approach to studying ENSO predictability： Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation

A new approach, the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) is introduced to study the predictability of El Nifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using a theoretical coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The differences between CNOP and linear singular vector (LSV) are demonstrated. The results suggest that the nonlinear model and CNOP are superior in determining error growth for studying predictability of the ENSO. In particular, the CNOP approach is used to explore the nature of the ‘spring predictability barrier‘ in ENSO prediction.     

建设用地地质灾害危险性评估的意义和作用

根据国家有关政策和法规要求,综合阐述了地质灾害危险性评估工作的目的、意义和作用.     

哲学视野中的虚拟现实(VP)--兼评戈登·格雷厄姆VP技术哲学思想

文章首先简介了虚拟现实技术的概念、发展历史、特点及应用领域 ,分析了虚拟现实技术与网络虚拟性的关系。在此基础上 ,评述了戈登·格雷厄姆对虚拟现实的本体论分析。之后 ,以本体论为前提 ,评述了格雷厄姆对虚拟现实在认识论、实践论层面的理论贡献     

论黑客的攻击技术及防御策略

讨论了计算机网络上常见的黑客行为的危害 ,对黑客的拒绝服务攻击技术进行了分析 ,并对防范黑客的拒绝服务攻击 ,保证网络安全提出了相应的策略。     

Persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and mice requires the glyoxylate shunt enzyme isocitrate lyase

Mycobacterium tuberculosis claims more human lives each year than any other bacterial pathogen. Infection is maintained in spite of acquired immunity and resists eradication by antimicrobials. Despite an urgent need for new therapies targeting persistent bacteria, our knowledge of bacterial metabolism throughout the course of infection remains rudimentary. Here we report that persistence of M. tuberculosis in mice is facilitated by isocitrate lyase (ICL), an enzyme essential for the metabolism of fatty acids. Disruption of the icl gene attenuated bacterial persistence and virulence in immune-competent mice without affecting bacterial growth during the acute phase of infection. A link between the requirement for ICL and the immune status of the host was established by the restored virulence of delta icl bacteria in interferon-gamma knockout mice. This link was apparent at the level of the infected macrophage: Activation of infected macrophages increased expression of ICL, and the delta icl mutant was markedly attenuated for survival in activated but not resting macrophages. These data suggest that the metabolism of M. tuberculosis in vivo is profoundly influenced by the host response to infection, an observation with important implications for the treatment of chronic tuberculosis.     

佳木斯市主要土壤微量元素含量评价及相关分析

微量元素是农作物产量高低和质量好坏的限制因子．为了经济合理地施用微量元素肥料，对佳木斯市主要土壤中微量元素的含量作了基础性的评价和分析工作，结果表明即多数土壤有效态硼和锌缺乏；大多数土壤有效态铜、锰和铁较为丰富．     

一类非线性优化问题的伴随方程算法

对一类具有线性等式约束和一般不等式约束的非线性优化问题进行了讨论，建立了一类伴随方程算法．     

砂轮不平衡量对磨削表面粗糙度影响的研究

本文建立了一种新的由砂轮不平衡量引起的砂轮架及主轴系统振动力学模型。对磨床砂轮主轴的摆动与磨削表面粗糙度的关系进行了理论分析和实验分析。两种分析结果基本一致。最后，给出了一种降低由主轴摆动引起的磨削表面粗糙度及拉毛现象的方法。     

The plasminogen activator system: biology and regulation

The regulation of plasminogen activation involves genes for two plasminogen activators (tissue type and urokinase type), two specific inhibitors (type 1 and type 2), and a membrane-anchored urokinase-type plasminogen-activator-specific receptor. This system plays an important role in various biological processes involving extracellular proteolysis. Recent studies have revealed that the system, through interplay with integrins and the extracellular matrix protein vitronectin, is also involved in the regulation of cell migration and proliferation in a manner independent of proteolytic activity. The genes are expressed in many different cell types and their expression is under the control of diverse extracellular signals. Gene expression reflects the levels of the corresponding mRNA, which should be the net result of synthesis and degradation. Thus, modulation of mRNA stability is an important factor in overall regulation. This review summarizes current understanding of the biology and regulation of genes involved in plasminogen activation at different levels. Received 21 December 1998; received after revision 8 March 1999; accepted 14 April 1999     

常温下添加剂对有色Ti-Zr转化膜形貌与性能的影响

为揭示有机物、钒盐两种添加剂对Ti-Zr转化膜膜层生长与耐蚀性能的影响,通过涡流测厚仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、点滴腐蚀法等研究了转化膜的厚度、微观形貌、化学成分及耐蚀性能等.结果表明:同时添加钒盐和有机物,在30 s内即可获得有色的Ti-Zr转化膜,该膜层致密、均匀,表面平整,膜层中氧化物含量明显增加,且相较于无添加剂的Ti-Zr转化膜,膜厚增加了4倍以上,耐点滴腐蚀时间延长了3倍多,腐蚀电流密度降低至原来的1/6、极化电阻提高了3倍以上,耐蚀性能得到显著提高.