Reversible redox energy coupling in electron transfer chains

Reversibility is a common theme in respiratory and photosynthetic systems that couple electron transfer with a transmembrane proton gradient driving ATP production. This includes the intensely studied cytochrome bc1, which catalyses electron transfer between quinone and cytochrome c. To understand how efficient reversible energy coupling works, here we have progressively inactivated individual cofactors comprising cytochrome bc1. We have resolved millisecond reversibility in all electron-tunnelling steps and coupled proton exchanges, including charge-separating hydroquinone-quinone catalysis at the Q(o) site, which shows that redox equilibria are relevant on a catalytic timescale. Such rapid reversibility renders popular models based on a semiquinone in Q(o) site catalysis prone to short-circuit failure. Two mechanisms allow reversible function and safely relegate short-circuits to long-distance electron tunnelling on a timescale of seconds: conformational gating of semiquinone for both forward and reverse electron transfer, or concerted two-electron quinone redox chemistry that avoids the semiquinone intermediate altogether.     

Eine im Alkalischen wirksame Monophosphoesterase aus Hefe

Summary The authors describe a monophosphoesterase isolated from yeast which acts strongly on sodium phenolphthaleinphosphate, phenolphosphate, and-glycerophosphate in an alkaline medium (p _H 8,5–9,1). The enzyme does not need magnesium ions for its activity.     

Mutations in SIL1 cause Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome, a cerebellar ataxia with cataract and myopathy

SIL1 (also called BAP) acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the Hsp70 chaperone BiP (also called GRP78), which is a key regulator of the main functions of the endoplasmic reticulum. We found nine distinct mutations that would disrupt the SIL1 protein in individuals with Marinesco-Sj?gren syndrome, an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia complicated by cataracts, developmental delay and myopathy. Identification of SIL1 mutations implicates Marinesco-Sj?gren syndrome as a disease of endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and suggests a role for this organelle in multisystem disorders.     

废弃羽毛资源化利用研究进展

综述了废弃羽毛资源化利用的方式和途径,对微波法促进废羽毛制备氨基酸及资源化利用进行了展望.指出了改善即时控制,加强微波化学反应及机理的研究,并继续羽毛水解后固体废物的资源化利用是其主要研究发展方向.     

原子核电四极矩跃迁强度新经验公式

通过分析8≤Z≤100偶偶原子核电四极矩跃迁强度B(E2:0+→2+)与2+态激发能E(2+)实验数据,提出了原子核电四极矩跃迁强度新经验公式B(E2:0+→2+)=33.65Z2 A-0.71 E-1(2+).     

Hippocampal remapping and grid realignment in entorhinal cortex

A fundamental property of many associative memory networks is the ability to decorrelate overlapping input patterns before information is stored. In the hippocampus, this neuronal pattern separation is expressed as the tendency of ensembles of place cells to undergo extensive 'remapping' in response to changes in the sensory or motivational inputs to the hippocampus. Remapping is expressed under some conditions as a change of firing rates in the presence of a stable place code ('rate remapping'), and under other conditions as a complete reorganization of the hippocampal place code in which both place and rate of firing take statistically independent values ('global remapping'). Here we show that the nature of hippocampal remapping can be predicted by ensemble dynamics in place-selective grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex, one synapse upstream of the hippocampus. Whereas rate remapping is associated with stable grid fields, global remapping is always accompanied by a coordinate shift in the firing vertices of the grid cells. Grid fields of co-localized medial entorhinal cortex cells move and rotate in concert during this realignment. In contrast to the multiple environment-specific representations coded by place cells in the hippocampus, local ensembles of grid cells thus maintain a constant spatial phase structure, allowing position to be represented and updated by the same translation mechanism in all environments encountered by the animal.     

预应力T梁产生裂纹的原因及处理

分析了京大高速公路工程预应力砼T梁在冬季施工中产生裂纹的原因，指出通过修改部分钢筋设计，将抽拔管改为波纹管，以及加强各工序规范施工即可避免裂纹的产生，同时对已有裂纹的处理办法进行了探讨。