巴尔虎人头面部形态特征的年龄变化

为研究巴尔虎人头面部形态特征随年龄增长而变化的规律,按照国际学术界规定方法,在内蒙古呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎左旗测量了400例(男196例、女204例)巴尔虎成年人38项头面部指标,并计算了12项头面部体质指数,对巴尔虎人头面部形态特征的年龄变化进行了初步分析.结果表明(1)随年龄增长,巴尔虎人蒙古褶率下降,眼裂渐趋水平,鼻孔最大径趋于水平,眼色变浅,上唇皮肤部变高,红唇变薄.(2)巴尔虎人鼻宽、口裂宽、上唇皮肤部高度、容貌耳长、容貌耳宽与年龄呈正相关;眼外角间宽、唇高、红唇厚度、耳上头高与年龄呈负相关;头长、面宽、下颌角间宽、眼内角间宽、鼻长、鼻深、头围、面颊皮褶8项指标与年龄无相关.(3)形态面、头面高、鼻指数与年龄呈正相关,头长高、口指数与年龄呈负相关.说明巴尔虎人多数骨性头面部指标随年龄增长变化不大,而多数软组织指标随年龄增长变化明显.     

The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3

After the completion of a draft human genome sequence, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium has proceeded to finish and annotate each of the 24 chromosomes comprising the human genome. Here we describe the sequencing and analysis of human chromosome 3, one of the largest human chromosomes. Chromosome 3 comprises just four contigs, one of which currently represents the longest unbroken stretch of finished DNA sequence known so far. The chromosome is remarkable in having the lowest rate of segmental duplication in the genome. It also includes a chemokine receptor gene cluster as well as numerous loci involved in multiple human cancers such as the gene encoding FHIT, which contains the most common constitutive fragile site in the genome, FRA3B. Using genomic sequence from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque, we were able to characterize the breakpoints defining a large pericentric inversion that occurred some time after the split of Homininae from Ponginae, and propose an evolutionary history of the inversion.     

Mutations in ABC1 in Tangier disease and familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency.

Genes have a major role in the control of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Here we have identified two Tangier disease (TD) families, confirmed 9q31 linkage and refined the disease locus to a limited genomic region containing the gene encoding the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC1). Familial HDL deficiency (FHA) is a more frequent cause of low HDL levels. On the basis of independent linkage and meiotic recombinants, we localized the FHA locus to the same genomic region as the TD locus. Mutations in ABC1 were detected in both TD and FHA, indicating that TD and FHA are allelic. This indicates that the protein encoded by ABC1 is a key gatekeeper influencing intracellular cholesterol transport, hence we have named it cholesterol efflux regulatory protein (CERP).     

Mutations in VPS33B, encoding a regulator of SNARE-dependent membrane fusion, cause arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis (ARC) syndrome

ARC syndrome (OMIM 208085) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, renal tubular dysfunction and neonatal cholestasis with bile duct hypoplasia and low gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gGT) activity. Platelet dysfunction is common. Affected infants do not thrive and usually die in the first year of life. To elucidate the molecular basis of ARC, we mapped the disease to a 7-cM interval on 15q26.1 and then identified germline mutations in the gene VPS33B in 14 kindreds with ARC. VPS33B encodes a homolog of the class C yeast vacuolar protein sorting gene, Vps33, that contains a Sec1-like domain important in the regulation of vesicle-to-target SNARE complex formation and subsequent membrane fusion.     

手性药物拆分方法的研究

本通过对几种拆分手性药物的方法的列举，比较几种方法，详细介绍了几种方法的特点，以及它们的不同作用。各个方法中又列出了不同的线索，根据这些线索来研究这几种拆分的方法，它们的优缺点以及针对这些缺点的解决方法，最后给出了几个典型的用该方法的实验，以辨别它们的效用。     

Type II supernovae as a significant source of interstellar dust

Large amounts of dust (>10(8)M(o)) have recently been discovered in high-redshift quasars and galaxies corresponding to a time when the Universe was less than one-tenth of its present age. The stellar winds produced by stars in the late stages of their evolution (on the asymptotic giant branch of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram) are thought to be the main source of dust in galaxies, but they cannot produce that dust on a short enough timescale (&<1 Gyr) to explain the results in the high-redshift galaxies. Supernova explosions of massive stars (type II) are also a potential source, with models predicting 0.2-4M(o) of dust. As massive stars evolve rapidly, on timescales of a few Myr, these supernovae could be responsible for the high-redshift dust. Observations of supernova remnants in the Milky Way, however, have hitherto revealed only 10(-7)-10(-3)M(o) each, which is insufficient to explain the high-redshift data. Here we report the detection of approximately 2-4M(o) of cold dust in the youngest known Galactic supernova remnant, Cassiopeia A. This observation implies that supernovae are at least as important as stellar winds in producing dust in our Galaxy and would have been the dominant source of dust at high redshifts.     

Deep roots of the Messinian salinity crisis

The Messinian salinity crisis--the desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea between 5.96 and 5.33 million years (Myr) ago--was one of the most dramatic events on Earth during the Cenozoic era. It resulted from the closure of marine gateways between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the causes of which remain enigmatic. Here we use the age and composition of volcanic rocks to reconstruct the geodynamic evolution of the westernmost Mediterranean from the Middle Miocene epoch to the Pleistocene epoch (about 12.1-0.65 Myr ago). Our data show that a marked shift in the geochemistry of mantle-derived volcanic rocks, reflecting a change from subduction-related to intraplate-type volcanism, occurred between 6.3 and 4.8 Myr ago, largely synchronous with the Messinian salinity crisis. Using a thermomechanical model, we show that westward roll back of subducted Tethys oceanic lithosphere and associated asthenospheric upwelling provides a plausible mechanism for producing the shift in magma chemistry and the necessary uplift (approximately 1 km) along the African and Iberian continental margins to close the Miocene marine gateways, thereby causing the Messinian salinity crisis.     

An in vitro kinetic study of the mixed inhibition of honeybee hemolymph PNP-α-D-glucosidase by sucrose

Summary Sucrose acts in vitro as a mixed inhibitor of (V+K+n) type towards honeybee hemolymph PNP--D-glucosidase activity. Between the stages of emergence and foraging, there is little change in the effect of the inhibitor on V_M (f_i=from 1.31 to 1.35 respectively) or n (f_i=from 1.09 to 1.07) but K is more markedly affected (f_i ^–1=from 1.17 to 1.87)^M. These observations reflect the decrease of K_i from 277 to 98 mM and of I₅₀ from 154 to 111 mM, but K_i scarcely alters during development (from 477 to 425 mM). These inhibitory effects of sucrose are intermediate between those previously reported for trehalose and glucose.Acknowledgments. Particular appreciation is due to Mrs C. Joliet for her meticulous technical assistance, and to Mr R. Paris for his care as beekeeper. Dr M.R.J. Morgan is grateful for financial support from The Leverhulme Trust. The Royal Society, I.C.I. Plant Protection and Shell International Petroleum.     

单位宽度轧制力对热轧带钢凸度的影响规律

为了建立高精度的热轧带钢凸度计算数学模型 ,根据带钢凸度计算理论 ,采用影响函数法开发了四辊轧机带钢凸度影响率计算软件 ,系统地分析了单位宽度轧制力、轧辊直径和压下量对单位宽度轧制力影响率的影响规律·结果表明单位宽度轧制力影响率随带钢宽度的增加呈抛物线变化 ;轧辊直径和压下量对单位宽度轧制力影响率有一定的影响 ;建立了高精度单位宽度轧制力影响率的数学模型 ,确定了单位宽度轧制力影响率基本值及工作辊直径、支撑辊直径、压下量对单位宽度轧制力影响率修正系数的 6次拟合系数 ,为板形控制系统模型的建立及参数优化提供了理论依据