银掺杂氧化锌薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过改变硝酸银与醋酸锌的物质的量比分别在Si,ITO和玻璃基片上制备出不同Ag掺杂浓度的ZnO薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见光分光光度计、伏安特性曲线等测试手段,表征了薄膜的结晶状况、表面形貌及光电特性等.结果表明:随Ag元素的引入及掺杂浓度的升高,ZnO薄膜中有Ag单质生成,并在波长404 nm处出现了由Ag单质颗粒引起的共振吸收峰,同时ZnO薄膜的导电性得到了明显改善,在可见光范围内薄膜透光率均在85%以上.Ag掺杂原子数分数为7%时,薄膜导电性最好,其在可见光范围内透光率高达90%.     

Aspartate 112 is the selectivity filter of the human voltage-gated proton channel

The ion selectivity of pumps and channels is central to their ability to perform a multitude of functions. Here we investigate the mechanism of the extraordinary selectivity of the human voltage-gated proton channel, H(V)1 (also known as HVCN1). This selectivity is essential to its ability to regulate reactive oxygen species production by leukocytes, histamine secretion by basophils, sperm capacitation, and airway pH. The most selective ion channel known, H(V)1 shows no detectable permeability to other ions. Opposing classes of selectivity mechanisms postulate that (1) a titratable amino acid residue in the permeation pathway imparts proton selectivity, or (2) water molecules 'frozen' in a narrow pore conduct protons while excluding other ions. Here we identify aspartate 112 as a crucial component of the selectivity filter of H(V)1. When a neutral amino acid replaced Asp?112, the mutant channel lost proton specificity and became anion-selective or did not conduct. Only the glutamate mutant remained proton-specific. Mutation of the nearby Asp?185 did not impair proton selectivity, indicating that Asp?112 has a unique role. Although histidine shuttles protons in other proteins, when histidine or lysine replaced Asp?112, the mutant channel was still anion-permeable. Evidently, the proton specificity of H(V)1 requires an acidic group at the selectivity filter.     

Cascades of multisite phosphorylation control Sic1 destruction at the onset of S phase

Multisite phosphorylation of proteins has been proposed to transform a graded protein kinase signal into an ultrasensitive switch-like response. Although many multiphosphorylated targets have been identified, the dynamics and sequence of individual phosphorylation events within the multisite phosphorylation process have never been thoroughly studied. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the initiation of S phase is thought to be governed by complexes of Cdk1 and Cln cyclins that phosphorylate six or more sites on the Clb5-Cdk1 inhibitor Sic1, directing it to SCF-mediated destruction. The resulting Sic1-free Clb5-Cdk1 complex triggers S phase. Here, we demonstrate that Sic1 destruction depends on a more complex process in which both Cln2-Cdk1 and Clb5-Cdk1 act in processive multiphosphorylation cascades leading to the phosphorylation of a small number of specific phosphodegrons. The routes of these phosphorylation cascades are shaped by precisely oriented docking interactions mediated by cyclin-specific docking motifs in Sic1 and by Cks1, the phospho-adaptor subunit of Cdk1. Our results indicate that Clb5-Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation generates positive feedback that is required for switch-like Sic1 destruction. Our evidence for a docking network within clusters of phosphorylation sites uncovers a new level of complexity in Cdk1-dependent regulation of cell cycle transitions, and has general implications for the regulation of cellular processes by multisite phosphorylation.     

缺陷对一维线性函数光子晶体传输特性的影响

采用传输矩阵法计算光在掺杂缺陷的线性函数光子晶体中的传输特性,与不包含缺陷的结构进行比较.研究结果表明,在禁带中形成缺陷模,其强度不仅与缺陷层位置有关,而且与缺陷层折射率的变化有关,并随着缺陷层位置的移动而变弱;缺陷层位置和缺陷折射率影响着场强分布.     

呋喃二烯的体内外抗肿瘤作用研究

探讨了呋喃二烯的体内外抗肿瘤作用及作用机理．采用MTT法检测呋喃二烯对10种人肿瘤细胞的体外增殖抑制作用,研究发现呋喃二烯对体外培养的多种肿瘤细胞具有很强的抑制和杀伤效应,其IC50在0．98-4．81μg/mL．并对敏感的白血病细胞HL-60进行初步的作用机制研究,其形态学和流式细胞分析试验均表明它能有效诱导细胞调亡．整体动物试验结果可证实呋喃二烯乳注射液能明显延长荷腹水癌S180小鼠的生存期,生命延长率分别为80mg／kg（91．2％）,30mg／kg（82．4％）,10mg／kg（70．59％）．     

用PEM监控制备TiO_2薄膜及其光学性能的研究

使用金属钛作靶材,利用中频反应磁控溅射方法在玻璃基底上制备了TiO2薄膜.为使反应溅射的工作点能够稳定在"过渡区",使薄膜获得理想的化学配比和较高的沉积速率,使用了等离子体发射光谱监控法(PEM)对溅射过程进行控制.利用台阶仪测膜厚,用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、分光光度计以及光学薄膜测试分析仪等手段对TiO2薄膜的结构以及光学性能进行表征,研究了不同工艺条件对薄膜结构和光学性能的影响.结果表明,较高的PEM工作点下制备的TiO2薄膜具有较高的折射率,使用PEM控制的中频反应磁控溅射方法可以制备出性能良好的TiO2光学薄膜.     

基于广义复合多尺度熵的两相流动力学分析

多尺度熵(MSE)作为一种度量非线性时间序列复杂程度的有效分析方法,已被应用于两相流动力学特性分析.针对MSE分析中粗粒化方式的不足,采用方差代替均值以及复合化熵值的广义复合多尺度熵(GCMSE)对几种典型时间序列进行了分析.与MSE相比,GCMSE分析有效且熵值的稳定性表现更好.在此基础上,分析了125种不同流动条件下垂直上升管内气液两相流3种典型流型的压差波动时间序列.研究结果表明:泡状流、塞状流、混状流的GCMSE均随尺度因子的增大而增大,但熵值增长速率存在明显的差异,在低尺度因子下熵值增长速率能够用来表征不同流型,在中高尺度因子下熵值波动特征能够映射不同流型的非线性动力学特性.     

The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12

Human chromosome 12 contains more than 1,400 coding genes and 487 loci that have been directly implicated in human disease. The q arm of chromosome 12 contains one of the largest blocks of linkage disequilibrium found in the human genome. Here we present the finished sequence of human chromosome 12, which has been finished to high quality and spans approximately 132 megabases, representing approximately 4.5% of the human genome. Alignment of the human chromosome 12 sequence across vertebrates reveals the origin of individual segments in chicken, and a unique history of rearrangement through rodent and primate lineages. The rate of base substitutions in recent evolutionary history shows an overall slowing in hominids compared with primates and rodents.     

金坛盐穴储气库畸形对盐腔体积影响

金坛盐穴储气库属于层状盐岩型储气库，建设过程中经常出现腔体畸形、偏溶现象，严重降低盐腔有效体积。研究腔体畸形对盐腔体积的影响规律，并在造腔过程中加以控制，将有助于加快库容工作气形成。结合金坛盐穴储气库实际盐腔情况，分析了腔体畸形、偏溶和底坑形状对盐腔有效体积的影响，并根据其形成原因给出了相应解决措施。结果表明，金坛盐穴储气库畸形、偏溶腔体约占总数的30%，畸形系数（11.8~90.1）×10^-3，畸形系数越大盐层利用率越低；畸形导致横截面为椭圆形，且不同深度的腔体直径差别较大，使腔体周围盐层利用率降低；偏溶使井间矿柱宽度过低，矿柱比减小，腔体直径受限，腔体积严重降低；底坑形状可分为“V”形、“一”形、“\”形、“A”形4种，其注气排卤效率依次降低，其中，“\”形、“A”形最不利盐腔空间利用，严重降低储气体积。对于腔体畸形可采用的控制手段有降低排量、采用正循环、天然气阻溶回溶等技术。对于偏溶可采用预测偏溶方向合理设计井位、降低矿柱比增加腔体直径等措施。底坑畸形尚无有效控制手段和提高注气排卤措施。该研究为后期腔体形状控制和提高盐腔体积奠定了理论基础，将有助于加快金坛盐穴储气库建设速度。