桩承载力反向自平衡试桩法数值模拟分析

为推动反向自平衡试桩法在实践中的应用,采用有限元分析方法对反向自平衡试桩法进行了数值模拟分析。以管桩为例,运用ABAQUS有限元软件建立反向自平衡试桩法数值模型,分别采用位移控制法和荷载控制法进行桩身和桩顶加载模拟,得到了基桩抗压极限承载力,进行了桩身轴力和桩侧摩阻力分析;对建立的数值模型进行了位移控制法下的静载试验模拟,并与反向自平衡试桩法模拟得到的极限承载力进行了对比分析。模拟结果表明,反向自平衡试桩法确定的基桩极限承载力与静载试桩法结果较为接近,不需要进行正、负摩阻力转换,但也存在平衡点位置的确定问题。     

Secretion of the Dufour gland of the antNothomyrmecia macrops (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)

Summary The Dufour gland of the primitive Australian antNothomyrmecia macrops contains microgram quantities in total of linear alkanes and alkenes from C₁₃ to C₃₀ with heptadecene the major component (66%). In all, 50 substances, including methyl-branched hydrocarbons, aldehydes and acetates, -farnesene and -springene in low nanogram amounts, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.     

Imbalance between pSmad3 and Notch induces CDK inhibitors in old muscle stem cells

Adult skeletal muscle robustly regenerates throughout an organism's life, but as the muscle ages, its ability to repair diminishes and eventually fails. Previous work suggests that the regenerative potential of muscle stem cells (satellite cells) is not triggered in the old muscle because of a decline in Notch activation, and that it can be rejuvenated by forced local activation of Notch. Here we report that, in addition to the loss of Notch activation, old muscle produces excessive transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (but not myostatin), which induces unusually high levels of TGF-beta pSmad3 in resident satellite cells and interferes with their regenerative capacity. Importantly, endogenous Notch and pSmad3 antagonize each other in the control of satellite-cell proliferation, such that activation of Notch blocks the TGF-beta-dependent upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p15, p16, p21 and p27, whereas inhibition of Notch induces them. Furthermore, in muscle stem cells, Notch activity determines the binding of pSmad3 to the promoters of these negative regulators of cell-cycle progression. Attenuation of TGF-beta/pSmad3 in old, injured muscle restores regeneration to satellite cells in vivo. Thus a balance between endogenous pSmad3 and active Notch controls the regenerative competence of muscle stem cells, and deregulation of this balance in the old muscle microniche interferes with regeneration.     

Somatic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma

Determining the genetic basis of cancer requires comprehensive analyses of large collections of histopathologically well-classified primary tumours. Here we report the results of a collaborative study to discover somatic mutations in 188 human lung adenocarcinomas. DNA sequencing of 623 genes with known or potential relationships to cancer revealed more than 1,000 somatic mutations across the samples. Our analysis identified 26 genes that are mutated at significantly high frequencies and thus are probably involved in carcinogenesis. The frequently mutated genes include tyrosine kinases, among them the EGFR homologue ERBB4; multiple ephrin receptor genes, notably EPHA3; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR; and NTRK genes. These data provide evidence of somatic mutations in primary lung adenocarcinoma for several tumour suppressor genes involved in other cancers--including NF1, APC, RB1 and ATM--and for sequence changes in PTPRD as well as the frequently deleted gene LRP1B. The observed mutational profiles correlate with clinical features, smoking status and DNA repair defects. These results are reinforced by data integration including single nucleotide polymorphism array and gene expression array. Our findings shed further light on several important signalling pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma, and suggest new molecular targets for treatment.     

Pentobarbital: Presynaptic effect in the squid giant synapse

Summary In concentrations that produced synaptic blockade in the squid giant synapse, sodium pentobarbital produced a dose-related, reversible decrease of the calcium spike of the presynaptic terminal.This work was performed while Dr Morgan was a Grass Foundation Fellow at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.The authors thank Dr J. Z. Yeh for the loan of the 4-aminopyridine and Dr G. H. Acheson for helpful suggestions.     

The human AB0 blood group substances

Résumé Cet article rend compte des essais d'isolation des substances spécifiques des groupes sanguins de l'homme. Elles sont déterminées comme étant des complexes mucoïdes ou polysaccharides-aminoacides et l'on traite de quelquesunes de leurs propriétés physiques, chimiques et immunochimiques. En isolant ces substances qui forment des complexes moléculaires homogènes, on estime pouvoir obtenir, si l'on opère sur le sang d'individus de génotype connu, un matériel permettant de déterminer l'influence des gènesA, B etO sur les caractères physiques des produits de gènes très voisins. Les résultats des recherches entreprises dans ces directions constitueront une précieuse contribution à nos connaissances sur la chimie des substances génétiques humaines.

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Based on lectures given in Basle and Zürich in November 1946.     

涡旋压缩机的变基圆型线研究

研究了具有内、外起始角的变基圆涡旋型线,根据展开角是否在x轴起始,给出两种形式的变基圆外型线方程,并明确给出相对应的内型线方程,推导出偏心距的表达式,分析了两种形式的变基圆涡旋型线方程的关系.对两种形式的变基圆涡旋型线进行双圆弧齿头修正,给出双圆弧修正型线方程,分析两种情况下修正型线方程的关系,并探究修正展角对修正齿头几何形状与压缩比的影响,为变基圆涡旋型线的研究提供了一定的理论基础和应用参考.     

射频负偏压等离子体鞘层流体动力学模拟

采用流体动力学方法建立了一种自洽的无碰撞射频直流偏压等离子体鞘层动力学模型.模型中考虑了极板直流负偏压对离子运动的影响,模拟了在不同偏压条件下射频等离子体鞘层内各参量的时空演化特性.在该模型中,认为鞘层厚度是与时间有关的函数,并采用等效电路模型建立了鞘层瞬时厚度与鞘层电位降的关系.模拟结果表明,极板上电势呈非正弦周期性变化;鞘层厚度变化与极板电势变化周期相同,趋势相反,且略滞后于射频周期.     

超支化聚酯的合成及表征

以双酚酸[4,4-双(4-羟基苯基)戊酸]为主要原料,采取熔融缩聚的方法制得了超支化聚酯,利用傅立叶变换红外、端基分析法、乌氏黏度计及热重分析对产物等测试技术进行了初步表征, 结果表明,超支化聚酯表现为较低的特性黏度、良好的溶解性和热稳定性.