导出矩阵与基底的正交化

给出导出矩阵的概念并利用它将Ｒｎ中任意一组基底正交化     

基于声学参量阵理论的超声波防录音屏蔽研究与实现

随着智能设备的快速发展,利用一些录音设备诸如智能手机、录音笔等窃取信息的手段显得更为方便和隐蔽,这对于个人、企业和政府都存在着不小的隐患.传统的对抗方式有背景噪声屏蔽和电磁波屏蔽,但都有其局限性.前者通过播放大音量噪声覆盖对话声音,但这会影响对话的正常进行;后者发射大功率电磁波屏蔽录音设备,但其屏蔽距离与效果都十分有限.针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于声学参量阵理论的超声波防录音屏的方案,可以对录音窃听进行有效屏蔽,同时不妨碍正常对话.根据声学参量阵理论,多个高频的超声波经过非线性系统,会因为非线性作用产生低频声音信号.根据这一原理,首先生成低频宽带噪声信号,然后进行BASK调制将其调制到高频载波上,进行功率放大后由换能器发射向目标录音设备.实验测试结果表明对iPhone6S、华为P10、P20、荣耀9等智能手机的录音功能都可以实现有效屏蔽,最大屏蔽距离1～3 m不等.由于屏蔽原理的普适性,本文的方案可以屏蔽目前大多数型号的智能手机、录音笔等带录音功能的终端.     

An unexpected cooling effect in Saturn's upper atmosphere

The upper atmospheres of the four Solar System giant planets exhibit high temperatures that cannot be explained by the absorption of sunlight. In the case of Saturn the temperatures predicted by models of solar heating are approximately 200 K, compared to temperatures of approximately 400 K observed independently in the polar regions and at 30 degrees latitude. This unexplained 'energy crisis' represents a major gap in our understanding of these planets' atmospheres. An important candidate for the source of the missing energy is the magnetosphere, which injects energy mostly in the polar regions of the planet. This polar energy input is believed to be sufficient to explain the observed temperatures, provided that it is efficiently redistributed globally by winds, a process that is not well understood. Here we show, using a numerical model, that the net effect of the winds driven by the polar energy inputs is not to heat but to cool the low-latitude thermosphere. This surprising result allows us to rule out known polar energy inputs as the solution to the energy crisis at Saturn. There is either an unknown--and large--source of polar energy, or, more probably, some other process heats low latitudes directly.