Cyclisation of α-benzylhomophthalic acids

Résumé Les cyclisations des acides -benzylhomophthaliques ont produit un keto-acide à 7 termes, un indenoisocoumarin ou un mélange des deux.     

Microbial leaching of chromite overburden from Sukinda mines, Orissa, India using Aspergillus niger

Leaching of nickel and cobalt from two physical grades (S1, 125–190 μm, coarser and S3, 53–75 μm, finer) of chromite overburden was achieved by treating the overburden (2% pulp density) with 21-d culture filtrate of an Aspergillus niger strain grown in sucrose medium. Metal dissolution increases with ore roasting at 600°C and decreasing particle size due to the alteration of microstructural properties involving the conversion of goethite to hematite and the increase in surface area and porosity as evident from X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (DT-TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). About 65% Ni and 59% Co were recovered from the roasted S3 ore employing bioleaching against 26.87% Ni and 31.3% Co using an equivalent amount of synthetic oxalic acid under identical conditions. The results suggest that other fungal metabolites in the culture filtrate played a positive role in the bioleaching process, making it an efficient green approach in Ni and Co recovery from lateritic chromite overburden.     

Interaction between uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation andStaphylococcus aureus infected liver mitochondria

Résumé Des microphotographies électroniques de mitochondries du foie de souris infectées par des staphilocoques montrent une décroissance de la population énergisée, ce qui suggère un découplement. Les mitochondries du foie des animaux infectés avaient un taux élevé d'absorption d'oxygène et indiquent une action de découplement de laS. aureus plus effective que celle du dinitrophenol employée in vitro dans une concentration optimale. Le découplement semble avoir lieu au stage de phosphorylation de l'oxydation.     

Chemical and immunological characterization of serum lipoproteins isolated by glass-column chromatography

Zusammenfassung Eine neue Methode zur Trennung von Lipoproteinen mittels Säulenchromatographie wird beschrieben.     

A simple approach to the toad's (Bufo melanostictus) nerver muscle preparation

Summary A simple and modified dorsal approach method has been made in the toad's (Bufo melanostictus) sciatic gastrocnemius nerve-musle preparation. This method incurs less blood loss, time consumption, nerve damage and visceral spoil compared to conventional ventral approach method.     

A viral microRNA functions as an orthologue of cellular miR-155

All metazoan eukaryotes express microRNAs (miRNAs), roughly 22-nucleotide regulatory RNAs that can repress the expression of messenger RNAs bearing complementary sequences. Several DNA viruses also express miRNAs in infected cells, suggesting a role in viral replication and pathogenesis. Although specific viral miRNAs have been shown to autoregulate viral mRNAs or downregulate cellular mRNAs, the function of most viral miRNAs remains unknown. Here we report that the miR-K12-11 miRNA encoded by Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) shows significant homology to cellular miR-155, including the entire miRNA 'seed' region. Using a range of assays, we show that expression of physiological levels of miR-K12-11 or miR-155 results in the downregulation of an extensive set of common mRNA targets, including genes with known roles in cell growth regulation. Our findings indicate that viral miR-K12-11 functions as an orthologue of cellular miR-155 and probably evolved to exploit a pre-existing gene regulatory pathway in B cells. Moreover, the known aetiological role of miR-155 in B-cell transformation suggests that miR-K12-11 may contribute to the induction of KSHV-positive B-cell tumours in infected patients.     

Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots

Control over the interaction between single photons and individual optical emitters is an outstanding problem in quantum science and engineering. It is of interest for ultimate control over light quanta, as well as for potential applications such as efficient photon collection, single-photon switching and transistors, and long-range optical coupling of quantum bits. Recently, substantial advances have been made towards these goals, based on modifying photon fields around an emitter using high-finesse optical cavities. Here we demonstrate a cavity-free, broadband approach for engineering photon-emitter interactions via subwavelength confinement of optical fields near metallic nanostructures. When a single CdSe quantum dot is optically excited in close proximity to a silver nanowire, emission from the quantum dot couples directly to guided surface plasmons in the nanowire, causing the wire's ends to light up. Non-classical photon correlations between the emission from the quantum dot and the ends of the nanowire demonstrate that the latter stems from the generation of single, quantized plasmons. Results from a large number of devices show that efficient coupling is accompanied by more than 2.5-fold enhancement of the quantum dot spontaneous emission, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.