Bandwidth optimization of a Planar Inverted-F Antenna using binary and real coded genetic algorithms

With the exponential development of mobile communications and the miniaturization of radio frequency transceivers, the need for small and low profile antennas at mobile frequencies is constantly growing. Therefore, new antennas should be developed to provide larger bandwidth and at the same time small dimensions. Although the gain in bandwidth performances of an antenna are directly related to its dimensions in relation to the wavelength, the aim is to keep the overall size of the antenna constant and from ...     

江淮梅雨建立的年际变化及其前期强影响信号分析

江淮梅雨建立具有显著的年际变化特征. 利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集以及NOAA提供的全球射出长波辐射和扩展重建海温等资料研究了梅雨建立的年际变化及其前期强影响信号, 并探讨了该信号影响梅雨建立年际变化的可能机制. 结果表明, 前期中太平洋ENSO(CP-ENSO)事件是影响梅雨建立年际变化的强信号, 该信号具有较好的短期气候预测准确率和实用性. 当前期冬季2月和春季呈现CP-ENSO暖(冷)位相时, 梅雨建立最有可能偏晚(早). CP-ENSO主要是通过EAP(或JP)遥相关型影响梅雨建立, 其中位于热带西北太平洋的反气旋环流起着重要作用. CP-ENSO暖(冷)位相年, 热带暖湿气流向江淮流域输送偏晚(早), 赤道附近的中太平洋地区海温产生正(负)异常, 通过海气相互作用, 使得西太平洋副高北跳和印度西南季风建立偏晚(早), 东亚上空大气环流由春到夏的季节性转换因而偏晚(早). 大气环流季节性转换和热带暖湿气流向江淮流域输送偏早(晚)是江淮梅雨建立偏早(晚)的主要原因.     

一种改进的地震灾害倒塌房屋遥感信息自动识别方法

地震灾害倒塌房屋的识别是地震灾害损失评价的重要环节, 也是判断地震强度的指标之一. 5.12汶川大地震发生后, 中欧地震灾害评估项目组使用自动识别技术处理0.5 m分辨率的ADS40航空遥感数据, 需要克服航空遥感数据中未倒塌混凝土桥梁、滑坡体滚石与倒塌房屋反射光谱的相似性. 经过多次实验改进后的技术, 一次性识别的倒塌房屋面积覆盖率优于95%. 介绍了这次实验过程和结果, 实验表明, 该方法也可以用于其他灾害造成的倒塌房屋的自动识别.     

Wolves in sheep’s clothing: three new cases of aggressive mimicry in Red Sea coral reef fishes

ABSTRACT

Here we document three cases of mimicry in coral reef fishes not previously reported in the literature involving two groupers (Epinephelus leucogrammicus and Plectropomus marisrubri) and a soapfish (Diploprion drachi) as mimics, and two wrasses (Larabicus quadrilineatus and Cheilinus quinquecinctus) and a blenny (Meiacanthus nigrolineatus) as models. All three cases are of aggressive mimicry, with a predatory species mimicking a harmless one, and in one of the cases, the mimicry is also Müllerian, where both the predator and harmless species are unpalatable.     

Evolutionary genetics. Clonal inheritance of avian mitochondrial DNA.

We have taken a new approach to test the commonly accepted, but recently questioned, principle of clonal inheritance of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by relating its inheritance to a female-specific marker of nuclear DNA. Whereas this is impossible in organisms with male heterogamy (such as mammals), we show here that genealogies of mtDNA and the female-specific W chromosome of a bird species are completely concordant. Our results indicate that inheritance of mtDNA is free of detectable recombination effects over an evolutionary timescale.     

Superconductivity in CaCuO2 as a result of field-effect doping.

Understanding the doping mechanisms in the simplest superconducting copper oxide-the infinite-layer compound ACuO2 (where A is an alkaline earth metal)-is an excellent way of investigating the pairing mechanism in high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors more generally. Gate-induced modulation of the carrier concentration to obtain superconductivity is a powerful means of achieving such understanding: it minimizes the effects of potential scattering by impurities, and of structural modifications arising from chemical dopants. Here we report the transport properties of thin films of the infinite-layer compound CaCuO2 using field-effect doping. At high hole- and electron-doping levels, superconductivity is induced in the nominally insulating material. Maximum values of Tc of 89 K and 34 K are observed respectively for hole- and electron-type doping of around 0.15 charge carriers per CuO2. We can explore the whole doping diagram of the CuO2 plane while changing only a single electric parameter, the gate voltage.     

Crystal structure of the β2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters as well as the senses of sight, olfaction and taste. The paradigm of GPCR signalling is the activation of a heterotrimeric GTP binding protein (G protein) by an agonist-occupied receptor. The β(2) adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) activation of Gs, the stimulatory G protein for adenylyl cyclase, has long been a model system for GPCR signalling. Here we present the crystal structure of the active state ternary complex composed of agonist-occupied monomeric β(2)AR and nucleotide-free Gs heterotrimer. The principal interactions between the β(2)AR and Gs involve the amino- and carboxy-terminal α-helices of Gs, with conformational changes propagating to the nucleotide-binding pocket. The largest conformational changes in the β(2)AR include a 14 ? outward movement at the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane segment 6 (TM6) and an α-helical extension of the cytoplasmic end of TM5. The most surprising observation is a major displacement of the α-helical domain of Gαs relative to the Ras-like GTPase domain. This crystal structure represents the first high-resolution view of transmembrane signalling by a GPCR.