混流式水轮机导水机构二重叶栅的流动

阐述了用计算流体动力学CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)技术研究水轮机导水机构二重叶栅内部流场性能变化的方法,研究了不同工况下流场的速度、压力及二重叶栅能量损失的变化规律,数值解析结果与实验结果吻合．研究表明,导水机构内部流场的变化直接影响到转轮进口流动条件和水轮机运行的稳定性,数值解析结果对优化设计及安全运行具有指导作用．     

Activity of striatal neurons reflects dynamic encoding and recoding of procedural memories

Learning to perform a behavioural procedure as a well-ingrained habit requires extensive repetition of the behavioural sequence, and learning not to perform such behaviours is notoriously difficult. Yet regaining a habit can occur quickly, with even one or a few exposures to cues previously triggering the behaviour. To identify neural mechanisms that might underlie such learning dynamics, we made long-term recordings from multiple neurons in the sensorimotor striatum, a basal ganglia structure implicated in habit formation, in rats successively trained on a reward-based procedural task, given extinction training and then given reacquisition training. The spike activity of striatal output neurons, nodal points in cortico-basal ganglia circuits, changed markedly across multiple dimensions during each of these phases of learning. First, new patterns of task-related ensemble firing successively formed, reversed and then re-emerged. Second, task-irrelevant firing was suppressed, then rebounded, and then was suppressed again. These changing spike activity patterns were highly correlated with changes in behavioural performance. We propose that these changes in task representation in cortico-basal ganglia circuits represent neural equivalents of the explore-exploit behaviour characteristic of habit learning.     

数值模拟冲击式水轮机内部非定常流动

提出了用动画解析法解析冲击式水轮机非定常内部流动的方法,此法提供了如何将非定常流动按照时间顺序离散成动画单元,并通过拉格郎日法对流体质点的加速度进行积分来求出水斗内非定常流动的分布首次解析了其内部流动.     

CFD法研究多喷嘴冲击式水轮机的射流干涉

为提高冲击式水轮机的比转速和出力,通常采用增加喷嘴数的办法,然而增加喷嘴数会引起射流干涉,降低水轮机的水力效率.文中研究了射流干涉的产生机理,通过计算相邻两射流之间的动画单元数、水斗接受最后一滴射流的动画单元数、发生射流漏损时无效射流恰与水斗分离的动画单元数以及两相邻射流相交的动画单元数,提出了相邻两射流间发生干涉的判别式.利用所提出的判别式预测了不同喷嘴数和水斗数时冲击式水轮机的射流干涉情况,所得结果证明了判别式的有效性.     

Collapse ratios of buildings due to the 1995 Kobe earthquake and interference between S-wave and the second surface wave at basin edge

The distribution characteristics of collapse ratios of buildings in Kobe city due to the 1995 M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu, Japan (Kobe) earthquake and the interferenres due to SH or P-SV and the second surface waves propagating in heterogeneous medium are discussed in this paper by using numerical simulation technique of wave equation. The staggered grid real value fast Fourier transform differentiation (SGRFFTD) is used in the pseudospectral method of ground motion simulations because of its speed, high stability and accuracy. The results show that the maximum amplitude of simulated acceleration waveforms on the ground coincides well with the complicated distributions of collapse ratios of buildings. The peak collapse ratio of buildings away from the earthquake fault also coincides well with the peak ground acceleration. The spatial interference process is analyzed by using the snap shots of seismic wave propagation. The peak ground acceleration is probably caused by the interferences due to the second surfare wave transmitting from the bedrock to sedimentary basin and the upward body wave. Analyses of the interference process show that seismic velocity structure and geologic structure strongly influence the distribution of the maximum amplitude of acceleration waveforms. Interferences occurring near the basin boundary are probably the cause of the peak collapse ratio of buildings away from the fault. Therefore it is necessary to analyze wave propagations and interference process using numerical simulation strategy for studies on the seismic disasters.     

In vitro production of functional sperm in cultured neonatal mouse testes

Spermatogenesis is one of the most complex and longest processes of sequential cell proliferation and differentiation in the body, taking more than a month from spermatogonial stem cells, through meiosis, to sperm formation. The whole process, therefore, has never been reproduced in vitro in mammals, nor in any other species with a very few exceptions in some particular types of fish. Here we show that neonatal mouse testes which contain only gonocytes or primitive spermatogonia as germ cells can produce spermatids and sperm in vitro with serum-free culture media. Spermatogenesis was maintained over 2?months in tissue fragments positioned at the gas-liquid interphase. The obtained spermatids and sperm resulted in healthy and reproductively competent offspring through microinsemination. In addition, neonatal testis tissues were cryopreserved and, after thawing, showed complete spermatogenesis in vitro. Our organ culture method could be applicable through further refinements to a variety of mammalian species, which will serve as a platform for future clinical application as well as mechanistic understanding of spermatogenesis.     

关于由双曲迭代函数系所得分形插值函数的维数

本文是对于由一组二维双曲迭代函数系（ＨＩＦＳ）所确定的分形插值变换所得到的吸引子（其图形是连续的插值分形），在一定的参数条件下，经过细致地分析和计算，对它们的维数给出两种新的定义和计算途径．     

广西兴安严关窑宋代瓷器的研究

选取广西宋代兴安严关窑的瓷器标本,检测它们的物理性质、化学组成和显微结构,并与中国宋代名青瓷进行比较．化学分析结果表明：瓷胎富二氧化硅,具有中国南方古瓷的特点．瓷釉中含氧化钙较高,属石灰釉．显微结构观察到部分古瓷釉层中存在液相分离结构．从而探讨了严关窑宋瓷使用的原料、瓷釉配料及工艺技术．