Chemical composition of decomposing stumps in successive rotation of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） plantations

Decomposition of stumps in successive rotation of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） plantations was studied using a chronosequenee approach. The results showed that decomposition rate constant of Chinese fir stump was 0.02695 as calculated from Olson＇s model. The N content of stump increased during the first two-year decomposition. When the dead stump C/N ratio was 463.2 ± 27.3, the stumps started to release N. The pattern of P release was similar to that for N. However, K content of stumps showed a consistent declining trend over time during the whole decomposition. ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with cross polarization and magic-angle spinning （^13C CPMAS-NMR） was used to analyse organic carbon （C） components in decomposing stumps. The ^13C CPMAS-NMR spectra of stumps displayed that stump was dominated by cellulose and hemieellulose. The spectra also showed the accumulation of intensity in alkyl C, aromatic C, and earboxyl C spectral regions, which was expected as the labile cellulose and hemieellulose components in O-alkyl C spectral region were selectively decomposed first.     

A high-performance thermoacoustic refrigerator operating in room-temperature range

The working principle of an efficient travelling- wave thermoacoustic refrigerator operating in room-temperature range has been analyzed and an experimental set-up has been built. The experiment showed that suppressing DC-flow streaming was very critical to efficient operation, and an elastic membrane was used to solve the problem successfully. At the most efficient operating point, the novel thermoacoustic refrigerator achieved a cooling capacity of about 80 W at -20℃, with a much higher efficiency than previously developed standing-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator.     

机动目标空间合群仿真

为了解决空间合群和战场中的事件检测问题，提出了一种新的机动目标的空间群生成算法．该算法通过一级融合获得的信息来定义特征相似度，即归属相似度、位置相似度和速度相似度，并将这些相似度再次融合以求得合群结果．由于测量空间的不确定性被映射到了模糊相似度空间，因此通过模糊匹配机制可解决测量空间的不确定性问题．仿真结果表明，所提算法能实时完成多个级别的空间合群融合，其计算复杂度也比较低，而且在空间合群的态势评估中获得了比较好的结果．     

西部干旱区生态建设

中国西部拥有广阔的土地、丰富的资源、神奇的自然风光、多彩的民族风情，但同时也面临着干旱的气候、贫乏的水资源、稀少的植被、荒漠化的土地、频发的沙尘暴等一系列生态与环境问题。事实上，西部地区的自然环境一度有过良好的状态。但在漫长的历史进程中，由于受到开垦过度、人口剧增及自然条件变迁的影响，西部地区已经成为我国生态最为脆弱的地区．特别是西部干旱区，脆弱的生态与环境问题已经成为制约区域可持续发展的重要因素。关注和推进西部干旱区生态建设，不仅对西部开发起着重大的作用，对我国中东部地区的发展也有着长远的影响。     

Rational design of glycerol dehydratase： Swapping the genes encoding the subunits of glycerol dehydratase to improve enzymatic properties

1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is an important material for chemical industry,and there has been always much interest in the production of 1,3-PD using all possible routes. The genes encoding glyc-erol dehydratase (GDHt) from Citrobacter freundii,Klebsiella pneumoniae and metagenome were cloned and expressed in E. coli. All glycerol dehy-dratases but the one from metagenome could be detected to show enzyme activities. In order to im-prove the enzymatic properties of GDHts,the genes encoding α and β-γ subunits were cloned,and the enzyme characteristics were evolved by rational de-sign based on their 3D structures which were con-structed by homology modeling. Six heteroenzymes were obtained by swapping the α subunit genes of these three different-source-derived GDHts. The pH,thermal stability and Vmax of some heteroenzymes were dramatically improved by 2―5 times compared with the wild one (GDHtKP). The GDHt cloned from metagenome,originally proved to be with no enzyme activity,was converted into active enzyme by swap-ping its subunits with other different GDHts. In addi-tion,the effect of subtle 3D structural changes on the properties of the enzyme was also observed.     

Magnetic properties of highroad-side pine tree leaves in Beijing and their environmental significance

This is a report on magnetic properties of highroad-side tree (Pinus pumila Regel) leaves collected along an expressway linking Beijing City and the Capital International Airport and further focus on their environmental contributions. A series of rock magnetic experiments show that the primary mag-netic mineral of leaf samples was identified to be magnetite,in the pseudo-single domain (PSD) grain size range 0.2―5.0 μm. On the other hand,magnet-ite concentration and grain size in leaves are ascer-tained to decrease with increasing of sampling dis-tance to highroad asphalt surface,suggesting that high magnetic response to traffic pollution is localized within a distance of some two meters away from highroad asphalt surface. Although magnetic suscep-tibility is ordinarily regarded as a simple,rapid and low-cost method for monitoring traffic pollution,saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) can be treated as a valid proxy for monitoring air par-ticulate matter (PM) when samples are magnetically weak. It is believed that a synthetic rock magnetic study is an effective method for determining concen-tration and grain size of ferromagnets in the atmos-pheric PM,and then it should be a rapid and feasible technique for monitoring atmospheric pollution.     

棉花床土调制剂对棉花苗田土壤肥力的影响

为了探明不同配方的棉花床土调制剂对棉花苗田土壤肥力的影响,于2005年4月在湖南农业大学实验基地对2004年筛选的4个新配方进行棉花育苗试验。研究结果表明,处理1、2较处理3、4棉花苗床肥力提高,杀菌剂和生长调节剂对土壤成分的肥力没有影响。因此,处理1、2对棉苗生长有促进作用。     

论安源和安源工人为创建新型人民军队所作出的历史贡献——纪念湘赣边界秋收起义80周年

安源是湘赣边界秋收起义的策源地和主要爆发地之一,以安源工人为主力的工农革命军第一师第二团在秋收起义中做出了突出贡献。安源是毛泽东最早创建新型人民军队的实践地。安源和安源工人在创建这支新型人民军队和发展壮大这支新型军队的历史进程中,做出了不朽功绩,发挥了重要作用。     

Sn-基复合氧化物的制备及电化学性能研究

采用一种流变相法制备掺杂B和P非金属元素的SnO复合氧化物（TBP）,对不同温度下热分解得到的产物结构及作为锂二次电池负极材料的电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,以比容量和循环性能折中考虑,500℃热处理试样的电化学性能较好。     

西藏社会矛盾分析及其解决机制研究

随着改革的深化与发展,西藏进入了社会矛盾凸现期,并呈现出鲜明的地区性特点,具有复杂性和尖锐性。在建设和谐西藏过程中,应正视社会矛盾,建立健全解决社会矛盾的机制,加大社会矛盾排查调处的力度,为建设和谐西藏提供矛盾化解机制保障。