含卡宾或烯酮基铁簇合物作为乙醇合成机理模型的研究

用含卡宾或烯酮的铁簇合物为模型,在模拟多相反应的条件下,研究了它们与H_2,H_2/CO,H_2/CO/CH_3OH 和H_2/CO/CD_3OD 的反应行为。在95℃和2.0 MPa的条件下,Fe_2(μ-CH_2)(CO)_8/SiO_2与含有合成气的甲醇反应可得 43％的醋酸甲酯,同时伴有甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、乙醛和乙醇等产物。与引入全氘代甲醇的合成气反应后,可得到氘代产物DCH_2COOCD_3和CH_3 COOCD_3.DCH_2 COOCD_3与A_cOCD_3(=DCH_2COOCD_3+CH_3COOCD_3)的相对丰度比随CD_3OD与H_2比值的减小而降低,由此可推测烯酮加成与烯酮氢化成乙酰基中间体这一对竞争反应。     

Crystal structure of a membrane-embedded H+-translocating pyrophosphatase

H(+)-translocating pyrophosphatases (H(+)-PPases) are active proton transporters that establish a proton gradient across the endomembrane by means of pyrophosphate (PP(i)) hydrolysis. H(+)-PPases are found primarily as homodimers in the vacuolar membrane of plants and the plasma membrane of several protozoa and prokaryotes. The three-dimensional structure and detailed mechanisms underlying the enzymatic and proton translocation reactions of H(+)-PPases are unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of a Vigna radiata H(+)-PPase (VrH(+)-PPase) in complex with a non-hydrolysable substrate analogue, imidodiphosphate (IDP), at 2.35?? resolution. Each VrH(+)-PPase subunit consists of an integral membrane domain formed by 16 transmembrane helices. IDP is bound in the cytosolic region of each subunit and trapped by numerous charged residues and five Mg(2+) ions. A previously undescribed proton translocation pathway is formed by six core transmembrane helices. Proton pumping can be initialized by PP(i) hydrolysis, and H(+) is then transported into the vacuolar lumen through a pathway consisting of Arg?242, Asp?294, Lys?742 and Glu?301. We propose a working model of the mechanism for the coupling between proton pumping and PP(i) hydrolysis by H(+)-PPases.     

The total synthesis of delphinine: A stereoselective synthesis of an advanced relay compound

Zusammenfassung Die stereoselektive Totalsynthese eines Delphininabbauproduktes wird beschrieben. Dieses Produkt, das 5 Ringe und 5 Substituenten besitzt, ist von Delphinin aus leicht zugänglich und kann deshalb als Relais-Verbindung für die Totalsynthese dieses Alkaloids dienen.

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Presented at a seminar at the Organic Chemistry Laboratory, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland on June 24, 1969.     

14-3-3epsilon is important for neuronal migration by binding to NUDEL: a molecular explanation for Miller-Dieker syndrome

Heterozygous deletions of 17p13.3 result in the human neuronal migration disorders isolated lissencephaly sequence (ILS) and the more severe Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS). Mutations in PAFAH1B1 (the gene encoding LIS1) are responsible for ILS and contribute to MDS, but the genetic causes of the greater severity of MDS are unknown. Here, we show that the gene encoding 14-3-3epsilon (YWHAE), one of a family of ubiquitous phosphoserine/threonine-binding proteins, is always deleted in individuals with MDS. Mice deficient in Ywhae have defects in brain development and neuronal migration, similar to defects observed in mice heterozygous with respect to Pafah1b1. Mice heterozygous with respect to both genes have more severe migration defects than single heterozygotes. 14-3-3epsilon binds to CDK5/p35-phosphorylated NUDEL and this binding maintains NUDEL phosphorylation. Similar to LIS1, deficiency of 14-3-3epsilon results in mislocalization of NUDEL and LIS1, consistent with reduction of cytoplasmic dynein function. These results establish a crucial role for 14-3-3epsilon in neuronal development by sustaining the effects of CDK5 phosphorylation and provide a molecular explanation for the differences in severity of human neuronal migration defects with 17p13.3 deletions.