APUD characteristics and immunocytochemistry of avian pituitary corticotrophs.

L-DOPA is taken up and decarboxylated by cells in the avian adenohypophysis, which are situated largely in the cephalic lobe. These APUD cells have been shown by sequential formaldehyde-induced and immunofluorescence to be corticotrophs and the relationship between the two procedures has been found to have a reciprocal quality.     

充分利用车尔尼系统练习曲的多样性

钢琴学习是一个漫长而复杂的过程,如何尽快完善弹奏技术是每个学生迫切要了解的。而车尔尼系统练习曲丰富多彩,是初、中级技术训练中不可或缺的内容。只有正确的选择使用才能发挥出最大的效能。     

基于有限元的非共线边裂纹相互影响研究

薄壁结构是飞机中常用的工程结构。薄板中裂纹将直接影响结构的剩余强度。当薄板结构含有多个裂纹时,其强度分析过程复杂。利用有限元分析方法对含有两等长非共线边裂纹的有限宽板进行了系统分析。通过与共线边裂纹情况对比,提出了合适的应力强度因子K_Ⅰ的修正系数F_1。同时,分析了裂纹相对位置对应力强度因子K_Ⅱ的影响,当两裂纹相对方位角为18.8°时,K_Ⅱ取最大值,而该最大值的大小仅仅与板宽w与裂纹长度a的比值w/a有关。结果为估算含有该类裂纹结构的剩余强度及裂纹扩展行为提供方便快捷的方法。     

基于国际经验的银川市环境整治研究

国际环境整治的“宇部方式”是指以信息的公开为基础,扎根于产业、行政、学术、民众的相互信赖,以科学性的数据进行协商和合作,从而将公害防患于未然或努力解决环境问题的活动,是一种环境整治的模式．在解读、阐述“宇部方式”和银川市资源、环境与发展特点的基础上,分析了“宇部方式”对银川市环境整治与可持续发展的启示,提出了银川市应对环境问题的对策和措施．     

Autistic-like behaviours and hyperactivity in mice lacking ProSAP1/Shank2

Autism spectrum disorders comprise a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and by repetitive behaviour. Mutations in synaptic proteins such as neuroligins, neurexins, GKAPs/SAPAPs and ProSAPs/Shanks were identified in patients with autism spectrum disorder, but the causative mechanisms remain largely unknown. ProSAPs/Shanks build large homo- and heteromeric protein complexes at excitatory synapses and organize the complex protein machinery of the postsynaptic density in a laminar fashion. Here we demonstrate that genetic deletion of ProSAP1/Shank2 results in an early, brain-region-specific upregulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors at the synapse and increased levels of ProSAP2/Shank3. Moreover, ProSAP1/Shank2(-/-) mutants exhibit fewer dendritic spines and show reduced basal synaptic transmission, a reduced frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and enhanced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory currents at the physiological level. Mutants are extremely hyperactive and display profound autistic-like behavioural alterations including repetitive grooming as well as abnormalities in vocal and social behaviours. By comparing the data on ProSAP1/Shank2(-/-) mutants with ProSAP2/Shank3αβ(-/-) mice, we show that different abnormalities in synaptic glutamate receptor expression can cause alterations in social interactions and communication. Accordingly, we propose that appropriate therapies for autism spectrum disorders are to be carefully matched to the underlying synaptopathic phenotype.     

山区河流河床结构对推移质输沙率的影响

河床结构是山区河流河床在洪水过程中达到较强阻力及较高河床稳定性时床面大颗粒的组合,对山区河流的推移质输沙起重要影响．引入河床结构强度S对山区河流河床结构进行定量化研究,使用河床结构测量设备对河床强度进行测量,采用类似于坑测法的子母双槽进行推移质输沙率实测,对云南小江流域的15条主要支流河床结构及推移质输沙进行野外实测,发现推移质输沙强度至少受单宽水流能量与河床结构发育程度共同影响,在同等级水流能量条件下,河床结构的发育程度越高的河流（或河段）其推移质输沙强度越小,河床强度值越小的河流（或河段）推移质输沙强度越大．单宽水流能量小于50kg／（m·S）、河床结构强度大于0.35时,推移质输沙率接近零．     

Low concentrations of NaHSO3 enhance NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-dependent cyclic photophosphorylation and alleviate the oxidative damage to improve photosynthesis in tobacco

Bisulfite at low concentrations(L-NaHSO3) increases cyclic electron transport around photosystem I(PSI) and photosynthesis.However,little is known regarding the detailed contribution of cyclic electron transport to the promoted photosynthesis by L-NaHSO3.In the present work,we used tobacco mutant defective in ndhC-ndhK-ndhJ(ndhCKJ) to investigate the role of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase(NDH)-dependent cyclic electron transport around PSI in an increase in photosynthesis by L-NaHSO3.After the treatment of tobacco leaves with L-NaHSO3(10 μmol L-1),the NDH-dependent cyclic electron transport,monitored by a transient post-illumination increase in Chl fluorescence and the amount of NDH,was notably up-regulated in wild type(WT).The NDH-dependent cyclic electron transport was severely impaired in ndhCKJ and was not significantly affected by treatment with L-NaHSO3.Accordingly,the NDH-dependent transthylakoid membrane proton gradient(pH),as reflected by the slow phase of millisecond-delayed light emission(ms-DLE),was increased by L-NaHSO3 in WT,but not in ndhCKJ;the enhancement of cyclic photophosphorylation(PSP) activity by L-NaHSO3 was more obvious in WT than ndhCKJ.The accumulation of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was reduced in WT when subjected to L-NaHSO3 treatment,but not in ndhCKJ.Furthermore,the increase of photosynthetic O 2 evolution rate by L-NaHSO3 was more significant in WT than in ndhCKJ.We therefore conclude that L-NaHSO3 alleviates the photo-oxidative damage by the enhancement of NDH-dependent cyclic PSP,thereby improving photosynthesis.