Role of acoustic stress on the development of polyoma tumors in immunized golden hamsters]

An acoustic stress increases the metastatic spread of polyoma virus-induced tumors in syrian Hamsters. To try to elucidate the mechanism of this action, we studied the effect of stress on the protection afforded by the virus against tumour challenge. Exposure to ultrasonics during the immunization period markedly decreased the protective effect of the virus.     

Einwirkung einiger Carbonylreagentien auf das Virus der Maul- und Klauenseuche (MKS)

Summary The virus of foot and mouth disease is inactivated by hydroxylamine, hydrazine and semicarbazide. Such inactivated virus does not differ serologically from intact virus, and represents an interesting antigen for purposes of immunization.

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Herrn Dr.G. A. Moosbrugger, Leiter des Eidg. Vakzine-Instituts in Basel, danken wir, dass er uns die Durchführung dieser Untersuchungen ermöglicht hat.     

A propos du mode d'action de l'iproniazide,inhibiteur de la mono-amino-oxydase

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss von Iproniazid auf das phosphorylase-aktivierende System kennzeichnet sich durch eine Erhöhung der Adrenalin- und eine Verminderung der Glucagon-Wirkung. Es ist möglich, dass die Katalyse der Ringbildung aus ATP in Gegenwart bestimmter Aminogruppen durch Iproniazid begünstigt wird.     

Growth dynamics of pentacene thin films

The recent demonstration of single-crystal organic optoelectronic devices has received widespread attention. But practical applications of such devices require the use of inexpensive organic films deposited on a wide variety of substrates. Unfortunately, the physical properties of these organic thin films do not compare favourably to those of single-crystal materials. Moreover, the basic physical principles governing organic thin-film growth and crystallization are not well understood. Here we report an in situ study of the evolution of pentacene thin films, utilizing the real-time imaging capabilities of photoelectron emission microscopy. By a combination of careful substrate preparation and surface energy control, we succeed in growing thin films with single-crystal grain sizes approaching 0.1 millimetre (a factor of 20-100 larger than previously achieved), which are large enough to fully contain a complete device. We find that organic thin-film growth closely mimics epitaxial growth of inorganic materials, and we expect that strategies and concepts developed for these inorganic systems will provide guidance for the further development and optimization of molecular thin-film devices.     

连翘挥发油化学成分的研究

采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对连翘挥发油化学成分进行了研究。经毛细管色谱分离出200多个峰,共确认了其中90种成分,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的71.92%,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量,其主要化学成分为烯烷类等。     

The AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97 and its partners transport proteins from the ER into the cytosol.

In eukaryotic cells, incorrectly folded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are exported into the cytosol and degraded by the proteasome. This pathway is co-opted by some viruses. For example, the US11 protein of the human cytomegalovirus targets the major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chain for cytosolic degradation. How proteins are extracted from the ER membrane is unknown. In bacteria and mitochondria, members of the AAA ATPase family are involved in extracting and degrading membrane proteins. Here we demonstrate that another member of this family, Cdc48 in yeast and p97 in mammals, is required for the export of ER proteins into the cytosol. Whereas Cdc48/p97 was previously known to function in a complex with the cofactor p47 (ref. 5) in membrane fusion, we demonstrate that its role in ER protein export requires the interacting partners Ufd1 and Npl4. The AAA ATPase interacts with substrates at the ER membrane and is needed to release them as polyubiquitinated species into the cytosol. We propose that the Cdc48/p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex extracts proteins from the ER membrane for cytosolic degradation.     

5—芳氧亚甲基—2—间甲基苯氧乙酰胺基—1，3，4—噻二唑的合成

在冰醋酸作用下,1－芳氧乙酰基－4－间甲基苯氧乙酰基氨基硫脲环化生成5－芳氧亚甲基－2－间甲基苯氧乙酰胺基－1,3,4－噻二唑,用元素分析、IR及^1HNMR确证了其结构。     

Distribution, abundance, and genetic population structure of Wood River sculpin, Cottus leiopomus

The Wood River sculpin Cottus leiopomus is endemic to the Wood River Basin in central Idaho and is a nongame species of concern because of its limited distribution. However, status and genetic population structure, 2 factors often central to the conservation and management of species of concern, have not been assessed for this species. We used backpack electrofishers to survey streams that were small enough (i.e., a priori to contain, possibly contain, or not contain the sculpin, respectively. Native redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri were present at 21 study sites, including 18 of the 20 sites that contained Wood River sculpin. Sixty-one study sites (60%) were dry or had too little water to contain any fish. We estimated that a minimum of 1.36 million Wood River sculpin (≥20 mm total length) currently reside in the basin. The presence of Wood River sculpin was positively associated with stream width:depth ratio and percent cobble/boulder substrate and negatively associated with stream gradient. Mitochondrial DNA haplotype differences were observed between and within the 3 major river subbasins supporting sculpin, with the most striking differences observed between populations in the Camas Creek subbasin and the other 2 subbasins, among which no haplotypes were shared, suggesting relatively long-term isolation. Our results suggest that the Wood River sculpin remains relatively widespread and abundant within its endemic range, despite obvious changes in historical stream connectivity caused by irrigation diversions and other chronic habitat alterations.