KNOWLEDGE PROCESS ANALYSIS： FRAMEWORK AND EXPERIENCE

We present a step-by-step approach for constructing a framework for knowledge process analysis （KPA）. We intend to apply this framework to the analysis of own research projects in an exploratory way and elaborate it through the accumulation of case studies. This study is based on a methodology consisting of knowledge process modeling, primitives synthesis, and reflective verification. We describe details of the methodology and present the results of case studies： a novel methodology, a practical work guide, and a tool for KPA; insights for improving future research projects and education; and the integration of existing knowledge creation theories.     

Genetic divergence, speciation and morphological stasis in a lineage of African cichlid fishes.

Since their discovery at the turn of the century, the species assemblages of cichlid fishes in the East African Lakes Victoria, Malawi and Tanganyika have fascinated evolutionary biologists. Many models have attempted to account for the 'explosive' evolution of several hundred species within these lakes. Here we report a case of surprisingly large genetic divergence among populations of the endemic Tropheus lineage of Lake Tanganyika. This lineage of six species contains twice as much genetic variation as the entire morphologically highly diverse cichlid assemblage of Lake Malawi and six times more variation than the Lake Victoria species flock. Although it is highly variable in coloration, this group of species and its closest relatives have not undergone appreciable morphological change. The observed geographic pattern of genetic variation suggests that major lake level fluctuations affected the distribution and speciation of this lineage of cichlid fishes.     

基于GM(1,1)灰色系统的公路货运量预测模型的研究

灰色系统理论已成功运用于工业、农业、经济、能源、交通等领域,利用灰色系统理论建立的我国公路货运量预测模型精度高,计算值和统计值吻合程度较好.根据预测模型计算出的未来几年我国公路货运量对我国汽车工业、能源工业和交通部门都具有较高的参考价值.     

供应链中一种基于营销创新的合作竞争博弈模型

成员合作关系是供应链管理的重要研究内容.随着市场竞争程度日趋剧烈,供应链上企业成员为了自身利益不断进行创新性活动.本文利用信息经济学理论从投入产出的角度对一个制造商和一个销售商构成的供应链的营销创新能力进行了分析研究,研究结果表明,制造商与销售商不合作时,为了自身的利益,也会进行营销创新投入,但分别比合作时的投入少.     

回载可分的闭环供应链多车辆运输策略

从车辆路径的角度研究了具有一个配送中心、多台车辆结合前向物流配送和逆向物流回载的闭环供应链运输策略,考虑到逆向物流中回收产品的数量不确定性、不同形态及可分批运输的特点,引入冗余库存限制和成本惩罚,建立并分析了问题的数学模型.通过引入2σ原则构造了先寻找较优分组后组内运用基于TSP的插入算法进行优化调整的启发式求解方法.算例分析表明该策略的合理有效性.     

电价不确定环境下发电商的最优投资时机及其概率分析

电力改革使得发电商成为发电市场上的独立投资主体,在此背景下研究了发电商投资决策问题.从投资收益最大化作为投资决策的基本原则出发,利用鞅和测度转换理论分析了电价的变化特性对发电容量项目最优投资时机和投资概率的影响.结果表明电量电价不确定环境下发电商具有延迟投资的倾向,而容量电价对发电容量投资则具有很强的激励作用.结论显示不确定是投资风险的根源,电价不确定性的增加提高了发电商的投资风险,降低了发电项目的投资概率.     

19-Hydroxylation ofΔ 4-androstene-3,17-dione and dehydroepiandrosterone by bovine adrenals

Zusammenfassung Die Aufklärung der Struktur von 19-Oxy-⁴-androsten-3,17-dion (VI), einer Substanz, isoliert nach Inkubation von ⁴-Androsten-3,17-dion und von Dehydroepiandrosteron mit einem Rinder-Nebennieren-Homogenat, ist beschrieben. Dies ist unseres Wissens die erste Beobachtung der Hydroxylierungin vitro einer angulären Methylgruppe eines Steroids. Mehrere Folgerungen sind erörtert.     

Sequence and analysis of chromosome 5 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana

The genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been sequenced by an international collaboration, The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative. Here we report the complete sequence of chromosome 5. This chromosome is 26 megabases long; it is the second largest Arabidopsis chromosome and represents 21% of the sequenced regions of the genome. The sequence of chromosomes 2 and 4 have been reported previously and that of chromosomes 1 and 3, together with an analysis of the complete genome sequence, are reported in this issue. Analysis of the sequence of chromosome 5 yields further insights into centromere structure and the sequence determinants of heterochromatin condensation. The 5,874 genes encoded on chromosome 5 reveal several new functions in plants, and the patterns of gene organization provide insights into the mechanisms and extent of genome evolution in plants.     

基于三维纹理的水下三维声场直接体可视化

声波是潜艇进行水下目标探测的最有效手段,因而在潜艇水下作战环境三维可视化研究中,水面舰船和水下潜艇声能场的可视化是核心技术之一,应用硬件加速的三维纹理技术实现了三维声场直接体可视化。仿真结果表明该方法在三维声场可视化中,能够实时生成高质量的体可视化图像。