有机/无机杂化材料与多功能纤维研究进展

有机/无机杂化材料能够实现有机高分子材料与无机材料在纳米或分子水平上的复合,在发挥各自组分特性的同时,体现出特有的协同效应,如新性能、多功能.该原理同样适用于有机/有机杂化体系.随着产业用纤维材料的不断发展,其应用领域也随之拓展,开发新型高分子材料,实现纤维的多功能化成为研究热点.根据纤维多功能化的发展需求,结合有机/无机杂化机理,在分子水平上设计构筑杂化功能材料,采用结构设计、界面构筑的方法建立杂化功能材料与成纤高聚物杂化体系.以成纤高分子的结构设计及凝聚态控制、纳米纤维和低维纳米材料的结构可控制备及其功能化复合为例,简要介绍了有机/无机杂化原理在纤维多功能化方面的研究进展,最后提出了多功能化有机/无机杂化纤维的展望.     

A mixed-model approach for genome-wide association studies of correlated traits in structured populations

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are a standard approach for studying the genetics of natural variation. A major concern in GWAS is the need to account for the complicated dependence structure of the data, both between loci as well as between individuals. Mixed models have emerged as a general and flexible approach for correcting for population structure in GWAS. Here, we extend this linear mixed-model approach to carry out GWAS of correlated phenotypes, deriving a fully parameterized multi-trait mixed model (MTMM) that considers both the within-trait and between-trait variance components simultaneously for multiple traits. We apply this to data from a human cohort for correlated blood lipid traits from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and show greatly increased power to detect pleiotropic loci that affect more than one blood lipid trait. We also apply this approach to an Arabidopsis thaliana data set for flowering measurements in two different locations, identifying loci whose effect depends on the environment.     

An efficient multi-locus mixed-model approach for genome-wide association studies in structured populations

Population structure causes genome-wide linkage disequilibrium between unlinked loci, leading to statistical confounding in genome-wide association studies. Mixed models have been shown to handle the confounding effects of a diffuse background of large numbers of loci of small effect well, but they do not always account for loci of larger effect. Here we propose a multi-locus mixed model as a general method for mapping complex traits in structured populations. Simulations suggest that our method outperforms existing methods in terms of power as well as false discovery rate. We apply our method to human and Arabidopsis thaliana data, identifying new associations and evidence for allelic heterogeneity. We also show how a priori knowledge from an A. thaliana linkage mapping study can be integrated into our method using a Bayesian approach. Our implementation is computationally efficient, making the analysis of large data sets (n > 10,000) practicable.     

退火温度对5A06挤压型材组织及性能的影响

通过对型材微观组织的观察及维氏硬度、晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀等的测试,研究了退火温度对5A06挤压型材组织及性能的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒发生了回复、再结晶和晶粒长大三个阶段。当退火温度达到175 ℃时,型材发生低温回复,硬度变化不大,耐蚀性较差;在225～325 ℃退火,型材发生完全再结晶,硬度变化较明显,耐蚀性得到改善;当退火温度高于325 ℃时,晶粒长大,硬度略降低,耐蚀性变差。结合5A06挤压型材组织及性能研究可知,确定退火温度为225～325 ℃。     

皱疤坚螺在不同发育时期的酯酶(EST)同工酶比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺电泳法分析了皱疤坚螺(Camaena cicatricosa)不同发育时期3个组织的酯酶同工酶,得到19条基本谱带,其中有4条为公共谱带。实验结果表明:不同的组织之间酯酶同工酶存在差异。在相同组织的不同发育时期酯酶同工酶酶谱是相似的,但在谱带上也存在有细微的差异;肝的酯酶活性最大,足的酯酶活性最小。以酶谱为性状,对其进行了聚类分析,发现不同发育时期足和外套膜的相似性比较大,肝的酯酶同工酶酶谱出现了较大变化,而且依成体肝、亚成体肝和幼体肝的顺序与其它组织依次聚类。     

3种陆生贝类不同组织酯酶(EST)同工酶比较分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺电泳法分析了陆生贝类扁平毛蜗牛(Trichochloritis submissa),宽盘大脐蜗牛(Aegistaplatyomphala),褐色圈螺(Plectopylis fimbriosa)3个种成体内肝脏、外套膜、足组织的酯酶同工酶,共得到17条基本谱带,其中有2条为3个种共有。3种陆生贝类相应的酶带有明显种属差异,且都表现出组织特异性。以酶谱为性状,对其进行聚类分析,结果显示扁平毛蜗牛与宽盘大脐蜗牛的亲缘关系较近。     

Mechanism Construction of Human Resource Management based on Blockchain Technology

The traditional human resource management system is faced with such problems as the quality of staff recruitment can not be guaranteed, the training performance is not consistent with the actual performance, the enterprise performance appraisal is unfair, and the salary distribution is unfair, which seriously affects the enthusiasm and loyalty of employees and threatens the survival and development of enterprises. In view of the current situation and problems of human resource management system, combined with the technical characteristics of blockchain, this paper proposes a human resource management mechanism based on blockchain technology, in order to achieve the company's human resource management system accurate, efficient, open and transparent. It is found that there is a good coupling between blockchain technology and human resource management system. This paper constructs a human resource management mechanism based on blockchain, innovates the application scenarios of blockchain technology, and provides certain guiding significance for the establishment of human resource management system and process improvement in the future.     

高校毕业生就业形势分析

高校毕业生数量近年来急剧增多,整个就业市场需求岗位的总体状况相对趋紧.在中国毕业生网最近发布的2007年和2008年大学生就业形势分析与预测报告中,使用了"就业寒流"来形容大学生就业形势.大学生就业是个系统工程,它需要用人单位、学校和大学生本人相互衔接,相互认知,任一方面衔接出现问题,就难以跳出大学生"毕业即失业"的怪圈.