Maize HapMap2 identifies extant variation from a genome in flux

Whereas breeders have exploited diversity in maize for yield improvements, there has been limited progress in using beneficial alleles in undomesticated varieties. Characterizing standing variation in this complex genome has been challenging, with only a small fraction of it described to date. Using a population genetics scoring model, we identified 55 million SNPs in 103 lines across pre-domestication and domesticated Zea mays varieties, including a representative from the sister genus Tripsacum. We find that structural variations are pervasive in the Z. mays genome and are enriched at loci associated with important traits. By investigating the drivers of genome size variation, we find that the larger Tripsacum genome can be explained by transposable element abundance rather than an allopolyploid origin. In contrast, intraspecies genome size variation seems to be controlled by chromosomal knob content. There is tremendous overlap in key gene content in maize and Tripsacum, suggesting that adaptations from Tripsacum (for example, perennialism and frost and drought tolerance) can likely be integrated into maize.     

7种化学杀菌剂和拮抗菌代谢物对苹果斑点落叶病菌的抑制活性及增效组合筛选

目的 为苹果斑点落叶病的防控提供新颖的杀菌剂及其增效组合。方法 采用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种化学杀菌剂、拮抗菌发酵代谢物及其复配剂对苹果斑点落叶病菌的抑制活性。结果 7种化学杀菌剂均对病菌有较强的抑制活性,其中戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑3种药剂对病菌抑制效果最佳,EC₅₀分别达0.21、0.30和0.81 μg/mL,其次为吡唑醚菌酯、代森锰锌和嘧菌酯。多菌灵的抑菌效果最差,EC₅₀为15.03 μg/mL。生防菌发酵上清液和发酵上清粗提物对病菌的EC₅₀分别为2.38 μL/mL和0.53 μL/mL。发酵上清液粗提物和代森锰锌、吡唑醚菌酯的复配均表现为增效作用,其中体积比6∶4和7∶3达最大毒性比,分别为1.39和1.41。结论 戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑对苹果斑点落叶病菌的毒力最大。解淀粉芽孢杆菌SJ1606所产粗提物对化学杀菌剂代森锰锌和吡唑醚菌酯具有增效作用,为后续农药新制剂研发提供了参考数据。     

基于启发式信息熵的粗集数值属性离散化算法

在一致性假设前提下,以数据集的统计性质作为启发式知识,从候选离散点集中选择离散点,根据数据集的期望值和方差来确定搜索最优离散点的区域,提出一种新的基于信息熵粗集数值属性离散化算法,并采用UCI国际标准数据集来验证新算法.新算法与已报道的算法所得到的离散断点集完全一致,决策表的离散化结果也相同,但时间代价不同,新算法比其计算效率提高40%～50%.     

基于共形阵的角度和极化信息联合估计算法

针对复杂载体上共形阵列存在多极化接收和遮挡效应的问题,本文提出一种基于方向图矩阵重构导向矢量的改进极化多重信号分类(multiple signal classification, MUSIC)算法。首先对共形天线阵列进行建模,在获取各个阵元的方位和俯仰分量方向图数据后,将方向图数据分解并重构阵列的导向矢量矩阵,最后结合极化MUSIC算法进行波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)和极化参数联合估计。相对于理论导向矢量的极化MUSIC算法,本文所提改进算法在解决了遮挡效应的同时具有更高的估计精度,并可有效降低运算量。仿真实验结果验证了这一结论。     

世界一流科技社团发展现状国际比较——基于实践动态的视角

以世界一流科技社团2019年9月-2020年6月的新闻数据,分析总结了世界一流科技社团的实践动态及发展规律.研究发现:(1)国内科技社团强调党建引领,制度优势体现出强大的凝聚力;(2)国外科技社团更加善于聚合公共资源,并将产生的新知识转化为可供应用的产品和服务,推进科技与经济、创新链与产业链的融合;(3)国外科技社团善...     

Micro-expression recognition algorithm based on the combination of spatial and temporal domains

Aiming at the problem of unsatisfactory effects of traditional micro-expression recognition algorithms,an efficient micro-expression recognition algorithm is proposed,which uses convolutional neural networks(CNN) to extract spatial features of micro-expressions,and long short-term memory network(LSTM) to extract time domain features.CNN and LSTM are combined as the basis of micro-expression recognition.In many CNN structures,the visual geometry group(VGG) using a small convolution kernel is finally selected as the pre-network through comparison.Due to the difficulty of deep learning training and over-fitting,the dropout method and batch normalization method are used to solve the problem in the VGG network.Two data sets CASME and CASME II are used for test comparison,in order to solve the problem of insufficient data sets,randomly determine the starting frame,and a fixedlength frame sequence is used as the standard,and repeatedly read all sample frames of the entire data set to achieve trayersal and data amplification.Finallv.a hieh recognition rate of 67.48% is achieved.     

Littlewood-Paley算子及其交换子在变指数Herz空间上的有界性

研究了Littlewood-Paley积分算子(包括Lusin面积积分函数,Littlewood-Paley g函数和g*λ函数)及其与BM O函数生成的高阶交换子在具有两个变指数p(·),α(·)的Herz空间上的有界性,这里p(·),α(·)均满足一定的连续性条件。     

Knowledge-scientific evaluation of community service systems

This paper proposes a knowledge-scientific approach to evaluation of community service systems from the viewpoints of knowledge creation, consciousness reform, and value co-creation. A concrete example of the community service system treated here is an education program for old men to find their reason for living after the retirement. After introducing this program and the traditional evaluation methods for such a program, the paper emphasizes the necessity of developing new evaluation methods for such a community service system based on knowledge science. The paper proposes a new evaluation framework and reports an actual evaluation result using the interview data from participants in that program.     

Analysis of Ultra - wideband Wireless Communications Technology Development

超宽带无线通信技术是一种具有高速、低成本和低能耗特点的无线通信技术,该技术的发展对于解决短距离内数据高速度无线传输具有重要的意义.文章拟从概念、特点、发展等方面对之进行论述.     

规划、建筑与景观相结合——浅谈我国景观设计的发展趋势

随着生活水平的逐步提高,景观设计越来越受到人们的重视。但在我国,对景观设计的理解存在着偏差,景观设计处于规划与建筑设计的陪衬地位。景观设计对城市规划和建筑设计有直接的影响,规划、建筑与景观的紧密结合是景观设计的发展趋势。