深度学习中对比散度算法的有偏性分析

为了给对比散度算法的进一步优化提供理论指导,尝试从理论上分析对比散度算法的收敛性。首先从仅含4个结点的玻尔兹曼机入手,利用单纯形表征模型的概率空间,以及流形表征概率空间与模型参数的关系,形象地表示了对比散度算法和极大似然算法的收敛过程,并从理论上推导出对比散度算法的收敛集与极大似然算法的收敛集之差不为空,从而证明了对比散度算法的有偏性。基于该结论,设计了一种先利用对比散度算法进行预训练,再利用极大似然算法调优的训练策略。实验结果表明,在应用该策略获得同等收敛效果的条件下,训练迭代步骤降低了83.3%。     

Gd2O3：Dy^3＋纳米晶的制备和发光性质研究

以Gd2O3和Dy2O3为反应物,共沉淀合成了镝掺杂氧化钆纳米粉体．研究了Gd2O3：D6^3＋的光致发光性质随着Dy^3＋掺杂浓度和煅烧温度的变化关系．通过对荧光强度与激活离子Dy^3＋离子浓度的关系研究发现,Dy^3＋在纳米Gd2O3基质中存在浓度猝灭现象,最佳掺杂浓度为0．7％．     

Entropy generation extremum and entransy dissipation extremum for heat exchanger optimization

The applicability of the extremum principles of entropy generation and entransy dissipation is studied for heat exchanger optimization. The extremum principle of entransy dissipation gives better optimization results when heat exchanger is only for the purpose of heating and cooling, while the extremum principle of entropy generation is better for the heat exchanger optimization when it works in the Brayton cycle. The two optimization principles are approximately equivalent when the temperature drops of the streams in a heat exchanger are small. Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB206901)     

库仑滴定法测定锑(Ⅲ)化合物的纯度

以库仑定律为基础,在pH≈8的碘化钾-酒石酸钾钠-盐酸-碳酸氢钠电解质溶液中电生碘滴定锑(Ⅲ),采用死停终点法确定库仑滴定终点.在实验条件下,测定1.00 mL0.100 0 mol/L锑(Ⅲ)标准溶液,相对误差为0.20%;本法用于测定锑(Ⅲ)化合物样品的纯度,其相对标准偏差为0.08%～0.21%.结果表明,与常规滴定分析法(碘量法)相比,本法操作简便、快速、灵敏和准确.     

Design and realization of threshold secret sharing scheme with random weights

A new threshold secret sharing scheme is constructed by introducing the concept of share vector, in which the number of shareholders can be adjusted by randomly changing the weights of them. This kind of scheme overcomes the limitation of the static weighted secret sharing schemes that cannot change the weights in the process of carrying out and the deficiency of low efficiency of the ordinary dynamic weighted sharing schemes for its resending process. Thus, this scheme is more suitable to the case that the number of shareholders needs to be changed randomly during the scheme is carrying out.     

Vertical handoff algorithm in heterogeneous networks to maximize system benefit

A new vertical handoff decision algorithm is proposed to maximize the system benefit in heterogeneous wireless networks which comprise cellular networks and wireless local area networks (WLANs). Firstly the block probability, the drop probability and the number of users in the heterogeneous networks are calculated in the channel-guard call admission method, and a function of the system benefit which is based on the new call arrival rate and the handoff call arrival rate is proposed. Then the optimal radius of WLAN is obtained by using simulation annealing (SA) method to maximize the benefit. All the nodes should handoff from cellular network to WLAN if they enter WLAN’s scope and handoff fromWLAN to cellular network if they leave the scope. Finally, the algorithm in different new call arrival rates and handoff call arrival rates is analyzed and results show that it can achieve good effects.     

“朦胧诗”到“后朦胧诗”：审美现代性的转变

“后朦胧诗”是以“朦胧诗”群体为整体超越目标,活跃于20世纪80年代中期至今的庞杂诗歌群体。与“朦胧诗”相比较,“后朦胧诗”的审美现代性转变主要表现在：抒情客体化的写作倾向、“反英雄”“反崇高”的诗歌价值观念和“反意象”“口语化”的艺术观念和表现形式。     

石膏上水基电泳沉积纳米氧化锆的结构和性能特点

研究评估了水基电泳沉积作为口腔纳米氧化锆全瓷修复体成型方式的可能性.试验通过配置固含量为85wt%的低粘度水基悬浮液,在齿科专用石膏上直接以电泳沉积的方式成型出纳米氧化锆陶瓷预成体,并研究了其结构和性能特点.结果显示：水基电泳沉积成型的方式可以成型出结构非常均一的纳米氧化锆预成体,其表面光滑,外形与石膏基底外形一致,在微观结构上与已商品化的齿科CerconCAD/CAM氧化锆预成瓷块相比,结构更加致密、均匀,且未见明显气泡、裂缝等缺陷 要达到〉99.9%TD,水基电泳沉积成型的纳米氧化锆3Y-TZP所需的烧结温度为1320℃,低于常规的干压成型工艺,力学性能与Cercon氧化锆全瓷修复材料相近,能够满足临床需要.     

纳米压痕法测量纳米晶金属Cu薄膜力学性能的研究

采用纳米压痕法测量了不同厚度（180～1000nm）的纳米晶Cu膜的硬度和弹性模量.结果表明,Cu膜硬度与厚度的关系类似于Hall-Petch关系,而弹性模量与厚度无关,其值相比块体粗晶Cu下降了约20%,分析位移-载荷曲线发现晶粒尺寸越大的Cu膜其位移跳跃现象越明显.另外,对于不同厚度的Cu膜其临界剪切应力的范围约在3.02～4.07GPa之间,基本接近粗晶Cu的理论剪切强度,位错塞积依然是其塑性变形的主要机制.     

银纳米粒子在聚苯乙烯球表面的异相成核与生长

采用原位化学还原法,将银纳米颗粒直接沉积到没有进行任何活化处理的聚苯乙烯（Polysty-rene,PS）亚微米球的表面.运用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微观察（TEM）和X射线能谱（EDS）等分析手段对产物的成分、形态、尺寸、以及分布等特征进行了详细表征.结果表明,产物为大量均匀的PS-Ag复合粒子,银纳米粒子以带状为主,并沿着球形基体的弧形表面不连续分布.高分辨电子显微分析（HRTEM）表明,银粒子均为结晶度较高的单晶,它们与非晶PS球形基体之间结合的很好,这应归因于银在基体表面的异相成核及沿着与球面切向方向的生长.此外,研究了反应物浓度、温度等因素对银纳米粒子在PS球表面沉积的影响.根据实验结果,详细探讨了原位化学还原过程中银纳米粒子在非晶PS球表面的异相成核与生长的机理.