基于Swin Transformer的深度有监督哈希图像检索方法

在深度有监督哈希图像检索的特征提取过程中,一直由卷积神经网络架构主导,但是随着Transformer在视觉领域中的应用,Transformer替代卷积神经网络架构成为可能.为了解决现存基于Transformer的哈希方法中不能生成层次表示和计算复杂度高等问题,提出了一种基于Swin Transformer的深度有监督哈希图像检索方法.该方法以Swin Transformer网络模型为基础,在网络最后添加一个哈希层,为图像进行哈希编码.该模型中引入了局部思想和层级结构,能够有效解决上述问题.与现有的13种先进方法相比,所提方法的哈希检索性能得到大幅提升.在两个常用检索数据集CIFAR-10和NUS-WIDE上进行实验,实验结果表明：在CIFAR-10数据集上所提方法mAP最高达到98.4%,与TransHash方法相比平均提高7.1%,与VTS16-CSQ方法相比平均提高0.57%;在NUS-WIDE数据集上所提方法mAP最高达到93.6%,与TransHash方法相比平均提高18.61%,与VTS16-CSQ方法相比检索精度平均提高8.6%.     

Chromatin circles in amphibian previtellogenic oocytes

Summary Previtellogenic oocytes ofOdontophrynus americanus display hundreds of chromatin circles. Electron microscopy of spread preparations of isolated nuclei shows that the circles originate from the chromatin. The circles change their morphology and form new copies. The length of the DNA packed in the nucleosomal circles is about 2.5–3.5 m or multiples of this value. Assuming that histones need not be removed from chromatin before DNA replication³ we suggest that the circles might belong to the process of rDNA amplification.This work was supported by grants from the Brazilian CNPq, FAPESP and FEDIB.We thank Dr A. Brunner Jr for the use of the electron microscope and Dr N. Leon for his valuable help.     

Distributed Estimation in Sensor Networks with Repetition Coding

This paper considers the distributed estimation of a source parameter using quantized sensor observations in a wireless sensor network with noisy channels. Repetition codes are used to transmit quantization bits of sensor observations and a quasi best linear unbiased estimate is constructed to estimate the source parameter. Simulations show that the estimation scheme achieves a better power and spectral efficiency than the previous scheme.     

GOP-Level Bit Allocation Using Reverse Dynamic Programming

An efficient adaptive group of pictures(GOP)-Ievel bit allocation algorithm was developed based on reverse dynamic programming(RDP).The algorithm gives the initial delay and sequence distortion curve with just one iteration of the algorithm.A simple GOP-level rate and distortion model was then developed for two-level constant quality rate control.The initial delay values and the corresponding optimal GOP-level bit allocation scheme can be obtained for video streaming along with the proper initial delay f...     

三峡库区农业产业化效率影响因素研究

【目的】为了解三峡库区农业产业化效率的影响因素，提高产业发展水平。【方法】应用数据包络的分析方法，对重庆农业产业化效率水平实施评价；然后从财政支农水平、产业发展水平、交通便利水平、对外开放水平以及教育水平等5个维度构建以农业产业化总体效率为被解释变量的Tobit回归模型，利用重庆区县2007—2017年数据测度农业产业化效率及其影响因素。【结果】三峡库区农业产业化整体效率在波动中呈现上升的趋势；影响因素方面除对外开放水平外其余4个变量均对其农业产业化效率均存在正向影响，但对外开放水平在统计上不显著。【结论】应用DEA-Tobit模型实证分析表明，为三峡库区农业产业化未来发展所提出的政策建议具有可靠性、可行性。     

Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell

The existence of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) has been postulated from evidence that the mammary gland can be regenerated by transplantation of epithelial fragments in mice. Interest in MaSCs has been further stimulated by their potential role in breast tumorigenesis. However, the identity and purification of MaSCs has proved elusive owing to the lack of defined markers. We isolated discrete populations of mouse mammary cells on the basis of cell-surface markers and identified a subpopulation (Lin-CD29hiCD24+) that is highly enriched for MaSCs by transplantation. Here we show that a single cell, marked with a LacZ transgene, can reconstitute a complete mammary gland in vivo. The transplanted cell contributed to both the luminal and myoepithelial lineages and generated functional lobuloalveolar units during pregnancy. The self-renewing capacity of these cells was demonstrated by serial transplantation of clonal outgrowths. In support of a potential role for MaSCs in breast cancer, the stem-cell-enriched subpopulation was expanded in premalignant mammary tissue from MMTV-wnt-1 mice and contained a higher number of MaSCs. Our data establish that single cells within the Lin-CD29hiCD24+ population are multipotent and self-renewing, properties that define them as MaSCs.     

Global trends of whole-genome duplications revealed by the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia

The duplication of entire genomes has long been recognized as having great potential for evolutionary novelties, but the mechanisms underlying their resolution through gene loss are poorly understood. Here we show that in the unicellular eukaryote Paramecium tetraurelia, a ciliate, most of the nearly 40,000 genes arose through at least three successive whole-genome duplications. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the most recent duplication coincides with an explosion of speciation events that gave rise to the P. aurelia complex of 15 sibling species. We observed that gene loss occurs over a long timescale, not as an initial massive event. Genes from the same metabolic pathway or protein complex have common patterns of gene loss, and highly expressed genes are over-retained after all duplications. The conclusion of this analysis is that many genes are maintained after whole-genome duplication not because of functional innovation but because of gene dosage constraints.     

An extrasolar planetary system with three Neptune-mass planets

Over the past two years, the search for low-mass extrasolar planets has led to the detection of seven so-called 'hot Neptunes' or 'super-Earths' around Sun-like stars. These planets have masses 5-20 times larger than the Earth and are mainly found on close-in orbits with periods of 2-15 days. Here we report a system of three Neptune-mass planets with periods of 8.67, 31.6 and 197 days, orbiting the nearby star HD 69830. This star was already known to show an infrared excess possibly caused by an asteroid belt within 1 au (the Sun-Earth distance). Simulations show that the system is in a dynamically stable configuration. Theoretical calculations favour a mainly rocky composition for both inner planets, while the outer planet probably has a significant gaseous envelope surrounding its rocky/icy core; the outer planet orbits within the habitable zone of this star.     

The distillation and volatility of ionic liquids

It is widely believed that a defining characteristic of ionic liquids (or low-temperature molten salts) is that they exert no measurable vapour pressure, and hence cannot be distilled. Here we demonstrate that this is unfounded, and that many ionic liquids can be distilled at low pressure without decomposition. Ionic liquids represent matter solely composed of ions, and so are perceived as non-volatile substances. During the last decade, interest in the field of ionic liquids has burgeoned, producing a wealth of intellectual and technological challenges and opportunities for the production of new chemical and extractive processes, fuel cells and batteries, and new composite materials. Much of this potential is underpinned by their presumed involatility. This characteristic, however, can severely restrict the attainability of high purity levels for ionic liquids (when they contain poorly volatile components) in recycling schemes, as well as excluding their use in gas-phase processes. We anticipate that our demonstration that some selected families of commonly used aprotic ionic liquids can be distilled at 200-300 degrees C and low pressure, with concomitant recovery of significant amounts of pure substance, will permit these currently excluded applications to be realized.