全文获取类型
收费全文 | 578篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 26篇 |
丛书文集 | 1篇 |
教育与普及 | 1篇 |
理论与方法论 | 9篇 |
现状及发展 | 278篇 |
研究方法 | 54篇 |
综合类 | 202篇 |
自然研究 | 13篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 38篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 29篇 |
2007年 | 21篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 24篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 20篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 11篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 8篇 |
1969年 | 10篇 |
1968年 | 10篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 9篇 |
1965年 | 5篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有584条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
111.
Electrical microstimulation can establish causal links between the activity of groups of neurons and perceptual and cognitive functions. However, the number and identities of neurons microstimulated, as well as the number of action potentials evoked, are difficult to ascertain. To address these issues we introduced the light-gated algal channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) specifically into a small fraction of layer 2/3 neurons of the mouse primary somatosensory cortex. ChR2 photostimulation in vivo reliably generated stimulus-locked action potentials at frequencies up to 50 Hz. Here we show that naive mice readily learned to detect brief trains of action potentials (five light pulses, 1 ms, 20 Hz). After training, mice could detect a photostimulus firing a single action potential in approximately 300 neurons. Even fewer neurons (approximately 60) were required for longer stimuli (five action potentials, 250 ms). Our results show that perceptual decisions and learning can be driven by extremely brief epochs of cortical activity in a sparse subset of supragranular cortical pyramidal neurons. 相似文献
112.
113.
The gap in our understanding of the evolutionary transition from fish to tetrapod is beginning to close thanks to the discovery of new intermediate forms such as Tiktaalik roseae. Here we narrow it further by presenting the skull, exceptionally preserved braincase, shoulder girdle and partial pelvis of Ventastega curonica from the Late Devonian of Latvia, a transitional intermediate form between the 'elpistostegids' Panderichthys and Tiktaalik and the Devonian tetrapods (limbed vertebrates) Acanthostega and Ichthyostega. Ventastega is the most primitive Devonian tetrapod represented by extensive remains, and casts light on a part of the phylogeny otherwise only represented by fragmentary taxa: it illuminates the origin of principal tetrapod structures and the extent of morphological diversity among the transitional forms. 相似文献
114.
115.
F. Hernmen W. Mahana P. Jollès A. Paraf 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1992,48(1):79-84
Embden goose (GEWL) and Barbary duck (DEWL) egg white lysozymes possess different amino acid sequences corresponding to the g-type and c-type, respectively. GEWL was shown to be a better immunogen than DEWL in both rabbits and mice. The antigenicity of the two lysozymes was tested using different technique (i.e. indirect ELISA, inhibition tests and immunoabsorption experiments). Injection of either GEWL or DEWL into rabbits and mice induced both specific antibodies and cross-reacting antibodies. Moreover, anti-GEWL antibodies, in contrast to anti-DEWL antibodies, did not cross-react with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), a c-type lysozyme. While the structure of GEWL was not modified after binding to plastic, DEWL was denaturated, but it did keep some native epitopes. It was concluded that g-type and c-type lysozymes, which have different amino acid sequences, exhibit strong common antigenic properties. 相似文献
116.
Hellgren M Strömberg P Gallego O Martras S Farrés J Persson B Parés X Höög JO 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2007,64(4):498-505
The metabolism of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinol/ retinaldehyde has been investigated with focus on the activities of human, mouse and rat alcohol dehydrogenase 2
(ADH2), an intriguing enzyme with apparently different functions in human and rodents. Kinetic constants were determined with
an HPLC method and a structural approach was implemented by in silico substrate dockings. For human ADH2, the determined Km values ranged from 0.05 to 0.3 μM and kcat values from 2.3 to 17.6 min−1, while the catalytic efficiency for 9-cis-retinol showed the highest value for any substrate. In contrast, poor activities
were detected for the rodent enzymes. A mouse ADH2 mutant (ADH2Pro47His) was studied that resembles the human ADH2 setup.
This mutation increased the retinoid activity up to 100-fold. The Km values of human ADH2 are the lowest among all known human retinol dehydrogenases, which clearly support a role in hepatic
retinol oxidation at physiological concentrations.
Received 12 October 2006; received after revision 6 December 2006; accepted 8 January 2007 相似文献
117.
Alcaïs A Alter A Antoni G Orlova M Nguyen VT Singh M Vanderborght PR Katoch K Mira MT Vu HT Ngyuen TH Nguyen NB Moraes M Mehra N Schurr E Abel L 《Nature genetics》2007,39(4):517-522
Host genetics has an important role in leprosy, and variants in the shared promoter region of PARK2 and PACRG were the first major susceptibility factors identified by positional cloning. Here we report the linkage disequilibrium mapping of the second linkage peak of our previous genome-wide scan, located close to the HLA complex. In both a Vietnamese familial sample and an Indian case-control sample, the low-producing lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA)+80 A allele was significantly associated with an increase in leprosy risk (P = 0.007 and P = 0.01, respectively). Analysis of an additional case-control sample from Brazil and an additional familial sample from Vietnam showed that the LTA+80 effect was much stronger in young individuals. In the combined sample of 298 Vietnamese familial trios, the odds ratio of leprosy for LTA+80 AA/AC versus CC subjects was 2.11 (P = 0.000024), which increased to 5.63 (P = 0.0000004) in the subsample of 121 trios of affected individuals diagnosed before 16 years of age. In addition to identifying LTA as a major gene associated with early-onset leprosy, our study highlights the critical role of case- and population-specific factors in the dissection of susceptibility variants in complex diseases. 相似文献
118.
Péterfy M Ben-Zeev O Mao HZ Weissglas-Volkov D Aouizerat BE Pullinger CR Frost PH Kane JP Malloy MJ Reue K Pajukanta P Doolittle MH 《Nature genetics》2007,39(12):1483-1487
Hypertriglyceridemia is a hallmark of many disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, atherosclerosis and obesity. A well-known cause is the deficiency of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a key enzyme in plasma triglyceride hydrolysis. Mice carrying the combined lipase deficiency (cld) mutation show severe hypertriglyceridemia owing to a decrease in the activity of LPL and a related enzyme, hepatic lipase (HL), caused by impaired maturation of nascent LPL and hepatic lipase polypeptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we identify the gene containing the cld mutation as Tmem112 and rename it Lmf1 (Lipase maturation factor 1). Lmf1 encodes a transmembrane protein with an evolutionarily conserved domain of unknown function that localizes to the ER. A human subject homozygous for a deleterious mutation in LMF1 also shows combined lipase deficiency with concomitant hypertriglyceridemia and associated disorders. Thus, through its profound effect on lipase activity, LMF1 emerges as an important candidate gene in hypertriglyceridemia. 相似文献
119.
Huntington’s disease: from huntingtin function and dysfunction to therapeutic strategies 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Borrell-Pagès M Zala D Humbert S Saudou F 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(22):2642-2660
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that usually starts in middle age and is characterized by involuntary
movements (chorea), personality changes and dementia, leading to death within 10–20 years. The defective gene in HD contains
a trinucleotide CAG repeat expansion within its coding region that expresses a polyglutamine repeat in the protein huntingtin.
Together with the characteristic formation of aggregates in HD, aberrant protein interactions and several post-translational
modifications affect huntingtin during disease progression and lead to the dysfunction and death of selective neurons in the
brains of patients. The exact molecular mechanisms by which mutant huntingtin induces cell death are not completely understood
but may involve the gain of new toxic functions and the loss of the beneficial properties of huntingtin. This review focuses
on the cellular functions in which huntingtin is involved and how a better understanding of pathogenic pathways can lead to
new therapeutic approaches.
Received 24 May 2006; received after revision 5 July 2006; accepted 23 August 2006 相似文献
120.
李富斌 《辽宁大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,17(1):27-33
本文构造了非相对论自由Fermi场的CAR代数准自由不可约表象;该表象在广义Galilei群的某些子群下是协变的;并用部分协变表象的直接积分描述了完全协变可约表象的结构,此法也可用于任意C^*-代数及其它的协议差群。 相似文献